• HVYRAIN: Excessive Rainfall Discussion

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 21 15:39:49 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 211539
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1039 AM EST Fri Nov 21 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 21 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHWEST ARIZONA...

    16z update:

    ...Southern California/Lower Colorado River Valley...

    GOES-W shows solid Atmospheric River has turned westward into the
    TROWAL north of the initial closed low/occluded surface low across
    southern California. This has directed enhanced (95th-99th
    percentile) moisture and moisture flux across the Imperial Valley,
    Mojave Desert and Lower Colorado River Valley to maintain enhanced
    rainfall potential. Some filtered insolution may allow for=20
    increased instability later this afternoon especially within the=20
    Lower Colorado, for some scattered thunderstorm development capable
    of .5-1"/hr rates and localized 1-1.5" totals.=20

    The strong upstream digging shortwave on the western side of the
    upper-level closed low will elongate the pattern from NNE to SSW
    over the California Bight which will stall the frontal zone and
    moisture plume. While most of the flux will be directed toward NW
    Baja California, this will also maintain the placement of the AR
    across the areas that longer duration light to moderate showers
    could result in longer duration FFG exceedance (6+hr) as well. As=20
    such, the the current Slight Risk in place remains solid. Have
    expanded the Marginal Risk a bit further northwest into the
    southern San Joaquin Valley to account for the longer term trends
    of persistent TROWAL moisture flux across the area.=20


    ...Lower Missouri, Ohio and Tennessee River Valleys...

    12z CAMs along with 06z/12z HREF probabilities continue a show a
    downward trend with only a few locations of 1"/hr or 1"/3hrs
    reaching above 25% across Middle TN and S KY. Additionally,
    observational trends depict the deeper moisture and more
    unstable/warmer air has been trending south and eastward with a
    broadening of the drier EML extending through the Delta Region
    of the Lower MS Valley, further severing needed moisture=20
    connection to the the Gulf. In coordination with local forecast=20
    offices and river forecast centers, it was determined to remove the
    Marginal Risk area from the eastern third of the U.S. Please note,
    this does not remove the potential for an isolated incident or two
    of flash flooding/FFG exceedance across the area, but the coverage
    potential is considered less than 5%.=20

    Gallina=20



    ~~~~Prior Discussion~~~~
    Showers and thunderstorms are expected across southern California,
    southern Nevada and southwest Arizona as lobes of vorticity rotate
    to the east of the low offshore. Instability appears to be on the
    weak side which will likely be a limiting factor, however some
    brief heavier rates are still possible from short training segments
    within the deep layer southerly flow. A Slight Risk for excessive
    rainfall remains in effect for southern California and southwest
    Arizona and a Marginal Risk spans from the California coast to
    south-central Arizona.

    For the Missouri/Ohio/Tennessee Valleys there will be an elevated
    threat for locally excessive rainfall. During this period a steady
    stream of above average moisture will be transported northward and
    encounter an east-west boundary. Isolated areas of moderate to
    heavy rainfall that leads to spotty problems from run-off can be
    expected. However...the flow aloft becomes increasingly flat and
    confluent during the day which will reduce the risk of any
    excessive rainfall. A Marginal Risk area was maintained from
    eastern Kansas to West Virginia/western Virginia/western North
    Carolina.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...There is a Slight Risk for excessive rainfall in the Southern
    Plains...

    The low pressure system that brought heavy rainfall for the West
    Coast during the Day 1 period will be exiting into the Southern
    Plains and the warm, moist air will support scattered to widespread
    heavy rainfall. There is an increasing signal that this setup could
    be a significant event, especially for north-central portions of
    Texas and into southern Oklahoma where a couple of solutions are
    suggesting a narrow swath of 4 to 6 inches possible. A Slight Risk
    for excessive rainfall is in effect for for much of north-
    central/northeast Texas and south/east Oklahoma. A broader Marginal
    Risk spans from the Big Bend vicinity to southwest Missouri and
    western Arkansas. This part of the country will continue to be
    monitored for a possible upgrade to a Moderate with future updates.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q7HTpRT9RY9NSn1nzZ9eIx1nKrZeZSPC0Px8Y5Q5sYJ= 6Y8Cq8beKG6o9huoylujM02X0o3VRaUEAiP-wom4bSNC-GM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q7HTpRT9RY9NSn1nzZ9eIx1nKrZeZSPC0Px8Y5Q5sYJ= 6Y8Cq8beKG6o9huoylujM02X0o3VRaUEAiP-wom4CK-swYo$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q7HTpRT9RY9NSn1nzZ9eIx1nKrZeZSPC0Px8Y5Q5sYJ= 6Y8Cq8beKG6o9huoylujM02X0o3VRaUEAiP-wom4G4lT3Xo$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 21 18:58:23 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 211858
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    158 PM EST Fri Nov 21 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Nov 21 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHWEST ARIZONA...

    16z update:

    ...Southern California/Lower Colorado River Valley...

    GOES-W shows solid Atmospheric River has turned westward into the
    TROWAL north of the initial closed low/occluded surface low across
    southern California. This has directed enhanced (95th-99th
    percentile) moisture and moisture flux across the Imperial Valley,
    Mojave Desert and Lower Colorado River Valley to maintain enhanced
    rainfall potential. Some filtered insolation may allow for
    increased instability later this afternoon especially within the
    Lower Colorado, for some scattered thunderstorm development capable
    of .5-1"/hr rates and localized 1-1.5" totals.

    The strong upstream digging shortwave on the western side of the
    upper-level closed low will elongate the pattern from NNE to SSW
    over the California Bight which will stall the frontal zone and
    moisture plume. While most of the flux will be directed toward NW
    Baja California, this will also maintain the placement of the AR
    across the areas that longer duration light to moderate showers
    could result in longer duration FFG exceedance (6+hr) as well. As
    such, the the current Slight Risk in place remains solid. Have
    expanded the Marginal Risk a bit further northwest into the
    southern San Joaquin Valley to account for the longer term trends
    of persistent TROWAL moisture flux across the area.


    ...Lower Missouri, Ohio and Tennessee River Valleys...

    12z CAMs along with 06z/12z HREF probabilities continue a show a
    downward trend with only a few locations of 1"/hr or 1"/3hrs
    reaching above 25% across Middle TN and S KY. Additionally,
    observational trends depict the deeper moisture and more
    unstable/warmer air has been trending south and eastward with a
    broadening of the drier EML extending through the Delta Region
    of the Lower MS Valley, further severing needed moisture
    connection to the the Gulf. In coordination with local forecast
    offices and river forecast centers, it was determined to remove the
    Marginal Risk area from the eastern third of the U.S. Please note,
    this does not remove the potential for an isolated incident or two
    of flash flooding/FFG exceedance across the area, but the coverage
    potential is considered less than 5%.

    Gallina



    ~~~~Prior Discussion~~~~
    Showers and thunderstorms are expected across southern California,
    southern Nevada and southwest Arizona as lobes of vorticity rotate
    to the east of the low offshore. Instability appears to be on the
    weak side which will likely be a limiting factor, however some
    brief heavier rates are still possible from short training segments
    within the deep layer southerly flow. A Slight Risk for excessive
    rainfall remains in effect for southern California and southwest
    Arizona and a Marginal Risk spans from the California coast to
    south-central Arizona.

    For the Missouri/Ohio/Tennessee Valleys there will be an elevated
    threat for locally excessive rainfall. During this period a steady
    stream of above average moisture will be transported northward and
    encounter an east-west boundary. Isolated areas of moderate to
    heavy rainfall that leads to spotty problems from run-off can be
    expected. However...the flow aloft becomes increasingly flat and
    confluent during the day which will reduce the risk of any
    excessive rainfall. A Marginal Risk area was maintained from
    eastern Kansas to West Virginia/western Virginia/western North
    Carolina.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Churchill/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...20z Update...

    Maintained the inherited Slight Risk with only minor adjustments
    made, primarily to shift the axis slightly south to southwest and=20
    tighten the gradient along the north and south. This reflects the=20
    latest trends in QPF, which are fairly tightly clustered for this=20
    time range (relatively high spatial confidence). This is somewhat
    concerning, as this brings the forecast axis of QPF even more into
    alignment with areas that realized heavy rainfall in prior days.=20
    However, the categorical outlook is still held at a Slight Risk=20
    due to a combination of meaningful time between the prior event
    and the upcoming event (three full days inbetween should allow for
    soil moisture and streamflow recovery) and uncertainty with regard
    to the amount of training and resultant QPF (with most of the new=20
    guidance suggesting localized 2-3" totals, while some solutions,
    including the downscaled 12z ECMWF, depict localized totals of up=20
    to 4-5").

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The low pressure system that brought heavy rainfall for the West
    Coast during the Day 1 period will be exiting into the Southern
    Plains and the warm, moist air will support scattered to widespread
    heavy rainfall. There is an increasing signal that this setup could
    be a significant event, especially for north-central portions of
    Texas and into southern Oklahoma where a couple of solutions are
    suggesting a narrow swath of 4 to 6 inches possible. A Slight Risk
    for excessive rainfall is in effect for for much of north-
    central/northeast Texas and south/east Oklahoma. A broader Marginal
    Risk spans from the Big Bend vicinity to southwest Missouri and
    western Arkansas. This part of the country will continue to be
    monitored for a possible upgrade to a Moderate with future updates.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4_ZzqUAF4sMff32qvYRAQ-G3VBOxR_fbSkn64pNv0Jvw= RWBg1QlPeokKvGcX2e5d1_ITwfBxTGrulV5T7YbdQVaGgS0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4_ZzqUAF4sMff32qvYRAQ-G3VBOxR_fbSkn64pNv0Jvw= RWBg1QlPeokKvGcX2e5d1_ITwfBxTGrulV5T7YbdLiPPQ5A$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4_ZzqUAF4sMff32qvYRAQ-G3VBOxR_fbSkn64pNv0Jvw= RWBg1QlPeokKvGcX2e5d1_ITwfBxTGrulV5T7Ybd9IWYM8U$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 22 00:04:35 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 220004
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    704 PM EST Fri Nov 21 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHWEST ARIZONA...

    Showers and thunderstorms remain possible for border areas of AZ
    and CA with MX to the east-northeast of an incoming upper level=20
    disturbance. Moisture amounts, considering the low 1000-500 hPa=20
    thickness values of 5490-5550 meters, are sufficient for=20
    atmospheric saturation. The problem so far has been the=20
    instability, which is very near 100 J/kg. When combined with the=20 precipitable water values of ~1", hourly amounts in the 0.4" remain
    possible overnight, with additional local totals of 1-2" through
    12z. The mesoscale guidance is keying in on the southernmost=20
    portion of the Peninsular Ranges east of San Diego for local=20
    amounts in the 2" range, but this is only one spot. Given the=20
    above, downgraded the Slight Risk to a Marginal Risk for the=20
    overnight period (Saturday 01-12z). Any heavy rainfall related=20
    issues are expected to be isolated.

    Roth


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Churchill/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...20z Update...

    Maintained the inherited Slight Risk with only minor adjustments
    made, primarily to shift the axis slightly south to southwest and
    tighten the gradient along the north and south. This reflects the
    latest trends in QPF, which are fairly tightly clustered for this
    time range (relatively high spatial confidence). This is somewhat
    concerning, as this brings the forecast axis of QPF even more into
    alignment with areas that realized heavy rainfall in prior days.
    However, the categorical outlook is still held at a Slight Risk
    due to a combination of meaningful time between the prior event
    and the upcoming event (three full days inbetween should allow for
    soil moisture and streamflow recovery) and uncertainty with regard
    to the amount of training and resultant QPF (with most of the new
    guidance suggesting localized 2-3" totals, while some solutions,
    including the downscaled 12z ECMWF, depict localized totals of up
    to 4-5").

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The low pressure system that brought heavy rainfall for the West
    Coast during the Day 1 period will be exiting into the Southern
    Plains and the warm, moist air will support scattered to widespread
    heavy rainfall. There is an increasing signal that this setup could
    be a significant event, especially for north-central portions of
    Texas and into southern Oklahoma where a couple of solutions are
    suggesting a narrow swath of 4 to 6 inches possible. A Slight Risk
    for excessive rainfall is in effect for for much of north-
    central/northeast Texas and south/east Oklahoma. A broader Marginal
    Risk spans from the Big Bend vicinity to southwest Missouri and
    western Arkansas. This part of the country will continue to be
    monitored for a possible upgrade to a Moderate with future updates.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9FbgfYsXc3XZX3Ozvjhrab6DYzMn0ImHBsLzCQp2jVcw= lfOynMpwZXSUWpsmfrdbS67K5fzfvuXmK-8GUPZ_sUxA598$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9FbgfYsXc3XZX3Ozvjhrab6DYzMn0ImHBsLzCQp2jVcw= lfOynMpwZXSUWpsmfrdbS67K5fzfvuXmK-8GUPZ_y8hAFv4$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9FbgfYsXc3XZX3Ozvjhrab6DYzMn0ImHBsLzCQp2jVcw= lfOynMpwZXSUWpsmfrdbS67K5fzfvuXmK-8GUPZ_wecD_t8$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 22 08:18:29 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 220818
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    318 AM EST Sat Nov 22 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    The latest guidance continues to depict a southwest-northeast=20
    orientated axis of heavy rain panning from the northern part of the
    Hill Country to northeast Texas. General consensus suggests 1 to 3
    inches however, the ECMWF is persistent on the higher end with
    amounts 3 to 5+ inches and placed further south/southwest than=20
    other solutions. This is somewhat concerning, as this brings the=20
    forecast axis of QPF even more into alignment with areas that=20
    realized heavy rainfall in prior days.=20

    A Slight Risk remains in effect and seems appropriate given at
    least three days of recovery from the previous heavy rainfall
    event and uncertainty with regard to the amount of training and=20
    resultant QPF.

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3 Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR NORTHEAST
    TEXAS, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    The broad area of showers and thunderstorms are expected to shift
    to the eastern portion of the Southern Plains and the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The highest amounts are expected to focus over
    the AK-LA-TX region. While areal averages of 1 to 3 inches are
    forecast, isolated maximums of 4+ inches will be possible. There
    will be some overlap of heavy rainfall from the previous day which
    will lower local FFGs. Training and back building of storms may be
    possible, particularly for norther Texas and Arkansas. A Slight=20
    Risk is in effect from northeast Texas/northern Louisiana to=20
    western Tennessee/northwest Mississippi.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8R-ZVULKLnGkE6RuPrnA5P3fSHt7jn6p-KUPZbakYfDh= MCoFx-Eqay8-AZ24FUcfiS-OjrfW2oRk-DQ5kggr7OhK-nU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8R-ZVULKLnGkE6RuPrnA5P3fSHt7jn6p-KUPZbakYfDh= MCoFx-Eqay8-AZ24FUcfiS-OjrfW2oRk-DQ5kggr02eDICs$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8R-ZVULKLnGkE6RuPrnA5P3fSHt7jn6p-KUPZbakYfDh= MCoFx-Eqay8-AZ24FUcfiS-OjrfW2oRk-DQ5kggrglWgqoU$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 22 15:59:05 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 221558
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1058 AM EST Sat Nov 22 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHEAST ARIZONA INTO CENTRAL ARIZONA...

    ...16z Update...

    Introduced a Marginal Risk with the 16z update, as the latest 12z
    CAMs support a lower-end, localized flash flood threat later today
    with mostly clear skies and building insolation over portions of
    southeast into central AZ. SB CAPE should climb to ~250 J/kg with
    updrafts tending to initially favor higher terrain and points
    north, as storm motions of 15-25 kts to the north to northeast are
    expected within the mean flow. With precipitable water values
    anticipated to build to around 0.8" (well above the 90th percentile
    and more representative of September/October), a period of localized
    1"+/hr rates are possible with small downdrafts and relatively=20
    fast motions generally capping hourly totals around 0.5". Some=20
    repeating and training of cells may locally support hourly totals=20
    of 0.5"+ and short-term (2-3 hour) totals of 1.5-2.0" are possible.
    This may result in a few localized instances of flash flooding=20
    (mainly concentrated late in the period from 00z-09z).=20

    Churchill


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    The latest guidance continues to depict a southwest-northeast
    orientated axis of heavy rain panning from the northern part of the
    Hill Country to northeast Texas. General consensus suggests 1 to 3
    inches however, the ECMWF is persistent on the higher end with
    amounts 3 to 5+ inches and placed further south/southwest than
    other solutions. This is somewhat concerning, as this brings the
    forecast axis of QPF even more into alignment with areas that
    realized heavy rainfall in prior days.

    A Slight Risk remains in effect and seems appropriate given at
    least three days of recovery from the previous heavy rainfall
    event and uncertainty with regard to the amount of training and
    resultant QPF.

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR NORTHEAST
    TEXAS, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    The broad area of showers and thunderstorms are expected to shift
    to the eastern portion of the Southern Plains and the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The highest amounts are expected to focus over
    the AK-LA-TX region. While areal averages of 1 to 3 inches are
    forecast, isolated maximums of 4+ inches will be possible. There
    will be some overlap of heavy rainfall from the previous day which
    will lower local FFGs. Training and back building of storms may be
    possible, particularly for norther Texas and Arkansas. A Slight
    Risk is in effect from northeast Texas/northern Louisiana to
    western Tennessee/northwest Mississippi.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DtLSETe4u9xPK0q7uzjZ06ucirTbxqLJqzlAWNqxUXp= VGNf-MZKFCcfB9p5nOrvh4v5sJzurrVtW9vH35kxX6Q5AIE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DtLSETe4u9xPK0q7uzjZ06ucirTbxqLJqzlAWNqxUXp= VGNf-MZKFCcfB9p5nOrvh4v5sJzurrVtW9vH35kxb0TbZjw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DtLSETe4u9xPK0q7uzjZ06ucirTbxqLJqzlAWNqxUXp= VGNf-MZKFCcfB9p5nOrvh4v5sJzurrVtW9vH35kxRE2WgIc$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 22 20:05:40 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 222005
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    305 PM EST Sat Nov 22 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Nov 22 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHEAST ARIZONA INTO CENTRAL ARIZONA...

    ...16z Update...

    Introduced a Marginal Risk with the 16z update, as the latest 12z
    CAMs support a lower-end, localized flash flood threat later today
    with mostly clear skies and building insolation over portions of
    southeast into central AZ. SB CAPE should climb to ~250 J/kg with
    updrafts tending to initially favor higher terrain and points
    north, as storm motions of 15-25 kts to the north to northeast are
    expected within the mean flow. With precipitable water values
    anticipated to build to around 0.8" (well above the 90th percentile
    and more representative of September/October), a period of localized
    1"+/hr rates are possible with small downdrafts and relatively
    fast motions generally capping hourly totals around 0.5". Some
    repeating and training of cells may locally support hourly totals
    of 0.5"+ and short-term (2-3 hour) totals of 1.5-2.0" are possible.
    This may result in a few localized instances of flash flooding
    (mainly concentrated late in the period from 00z-09z).

    Churchill


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL
    AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...20z Update...

    Consensus QPF guidance has continued to focus on the western side
    of the inherited Slight Risk, making the primary adjustment with
    this update to shift both the MRGL and SLGT areas a bit west. The
    upper-level system driving the expected rainfall (which is expected
    mostly after 00z on Mon) continues to look less amplified and cut-
    off, placing the area of concern closer to the base of the trough
    and tilted the QPF axis a bit more west-to-east than previously.
    While this may increase the risk locally for training convection,
    the main axis is also now more solidly north of the bulk of the
    Hill Country (particularly where heavy rainfall occurred earlier
    this week) into much of the Big Country/Northwest TX. While the
    rainfall axis still impinges on western portions of the Dallas-
    Fort Worth metro, the best probabilities for 3" exceedance are
    concentrated to the west of the populous areas (as well as north=20
    of San Angelo proper). While this less populated region of Central/
    Northwest TX within the south-central portion of the updated SLGT=20
    risk has indications of 5"+ potential (per 40-km HREF 5" exceedance
    probs of ~15%), this signal is being driven seemingly entirely by
    one member (the FV3, which is generally one of the less reliable
    members) with the bulk of the CAM guidance in good agreement
    indicating 2-4" totals. Given that much of this QPF is also
    expected in the last 6 hour period of the forecast, there is still
    plenty of time to see if this FV3 run is an outlier or if more CAM
    guidance comes into alignment with this heavier solution. This may
    necessitate a future targeted upgrade to Moderate Risk (which is
    also possible for San Angelo and/or the DFW metro areas, should the
    QPF axis shift a bit south and/or east).=20

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The latest guidance continues to depict a southwest-northeast
    orientated axis of heavy rain panning from the northern part of the
    Hill Country to northeast Texas. General consensus suggests 1 to 3
    inches however, the ECMWF is persistent on the higher end with
    amounts 3 to 5+ inches and placed further south/southwest than
    other solutions. This is somewhat concerning, as this brings the
    forecast axis of QPF even more into alignment with areas that
    realized heavy rainfall in prior days.

    A Slight Risk remains in effect and seems appropriate given at
    least three days of recovery from the previous heavy rainfall
    event and uncertainty with regard to the amount of training and
    resultant QPF.

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    ARKANSAS AND NORTH TEXAS INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...20z Update...

    Organized convection is expected to be ongoing Monday morning=20
    across a good portion of North TX and into southeastern OK and the
    Ark-La-Tex, moving east across Arkansas and into the Mid-South
    during the day. Confidence is highest in robust convection in the
    vicinity of North TX early in the period, whereas solutions diverge
    somewhat later in the day...with one camp of guidance suggesting=20
    training convection and localized totals as high as 3-5" from a
    relatively hydrologically sensitive region from southwest OK into=20 northwest/north-central AR (mainly driven by the GFS/GEFS) and the
    other camp indicating higher odds for 3" exceedance farther south
    into the Ark-La-Tex and southern AR (led by the ECMWF/ECENS, but
    also having greater support from the CMC suite and UKMET as well).
    Overall this led relatively to little change to the inherited SLGT
    risk, mainly shifting the area a bit west and flattening it out to
    account for the (aforementioned) less amplified upper-level trough.
    There may need to be considerations for a future targeted Moderate
    risk upgrade, though for this to occur more guidance would most
    likely need to shift towards the northern solution (or consolidate
    towards the southern solution while also getting wetter, as FFGs
    indicate much less sensitive soils that would require a broader=20
    area of 3"+ before meeting Moderate coverage criteria).=20

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The broad area of showers and thunderstorms are expected to shift
    to the eastern portion of the Southern Plains and the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The highest amounts are expected to focus over
    the AK-LA-TX region. While areal averages of 1 to 3 inches are
    forecast, isolated maximums of 4+ inches will be possible. There
    will be some overlap of heavy rainfall from the previous day which
    will lower local FFGs. Training and back building of storms may be
    possible, particularly for norther Texas and Arkansas. A Slight
    Risk is in effect from northeast Texas/northern Louisiana to
    western Tennessee/northwest Mississippi.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yD5ynSA5tjz-qy67YXeWAYNOjYRJ3vXBz0Eyg61t4aC= Pc16uvTX3tH3rMjcjYaeYOEnc-AVuYoo4-u0ZdE6lCpAkHY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yD5ynSA5tjz-qy67YXeWAYNOjYRJ3vXBz0Eyg61t4aC= Pc16uvTX3tH3rMjcjYaeYOEnc-AVuYoo4-u0ZdE6EXMgt8o$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yD5ynSA5tjz-qy67YXeWAYNOjYRJ3vXBz0Eyg61t4aC= Pc16uvTX3tH3rMjcjYaeYOEnc-AVuYoo4-u0ZdE65dALUWU$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 22 23:21:42 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 222321
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    621 PM EST Sat Nov 22 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHEAST ARIZONA INTO CENTRAL ARIZONA...

    Infrared satellite imagery shows cooling cloud tops in association
    with showers and thunderstorms across central and southeast AZ=20
    within a region of 700 hPa confluence ahead of a progressive deep=20
    layer low, with some recent uptick in coverage. Pockets of 500+=20
    J/kg of MU CAPE exist across west- central and southeast AZ per SPC mesoanalyses, with instability increasing due to cooling aloft and
    some degree of daytime heating/sunshine, particularly across=20
    southeast AZ. Effective bulk shear of 30-50 kts exists here, which=20
    is leading to an environment with both organized and ordinary=20
    convective cells, with the organized activity edging east of due=20
    north while the less organized storms move just west of due north.=20 Precipitable water values of 0.5-1" lie here. The atmosphere is=20
    cool, with 1000-500 hPa thickness values of 5550-5600 meters. When=20
    combined with the available moisture, the column is approaching=20
    saturation.

    The mesoscale guidance implies increasing convective coverage and
    an increasing incidence of 0.5"+ an hour amounts over the next
    several hours, with the 12z REFS and 18z HREF guidance suggesting
    the heaviest rainfall in the 01-05z time frame before fading
    thereafter. This could be due to cell training, occasional=20
    mesocyclone formation, or cell mergers between more and less=20
    organized convective activity. As the upper level system continues=20
    marching northeast, winds should veer somewhat which should allow=20
    convection to shift somewhat to the east with time, with activity=20
    shifting increasingly into mountainous areas. With hourly amounts=20
    to 1" and local totals to 2" possible, the incidence of impactful=20
    heavy rain is expected to be isolated to widely scattered, mainly=20
    within arroyos/dry washes, box canyons, and any area burn scars.

    Roth


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL
    AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...20z Update...

    Consensus QPF guidance has continued to focus on the western side
    of the inherited Slight Risk, making the primary adjustment with
    this update to shift both the MRGL and SLGT areas a bit west. The
    upper-level system driving the expected rainfall (which is expected
    mostly after 00z on Mon) continues to look less amplified and cut-
    off, placing the area of concern closer to the base of the trough
    and tilted the QPF axis a bit more west-to-east than previously.
    While this may increase the risk locally for training convection,
    the main axis is also now more solidly north of the bulk of the
    Hill Country (particularly where heavy rainfall occurred earlier
    this week) into much of the Big Country/Northwest TX. While the
    rainfall axis still impinges on western portions of the Dallas-
    Fort Worth metro, the best probabilities for 3" exceedance are
    concentrated to the west of the populous areas (as well as north
    of San Angelo proper). While this less populated region of Central/
    Northwest TX within the south-central portion of the updated SLGT
    risk has indications of 5"+ potential (per 40-km HREF 5" exceedance
    probs of ~15%), this signal is being driven seemingly entirely by
    one member (the FV3, which is generally one of the less reliable
    members) with the bulk of the CAM guidance in good agreement
    indicating 2-4" totals. Given that much of this QPF is also
    expected in the last 6 hour period of the forecast, there is still
    plenty of time to see if this FV3 run is an outlier or if more CAM
    guidance comes into alignment with this heavier solution. This may
    necessitate a future targeted upgrade to Moderate Risk (which is
    also possible for San Angelo and/or the DFW metro areas, should the
    QPF axis shift a bit south and/or east).

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The latest guidance continues to depict a southwest-northeast
    orientated axis of heavy rain panning from the northern part of the
    Hill Country to northeast Texas. General consensus suggests 1 to 3
    inches however, the ECMWF is persistent on the higher end with
    amounts 3 to 5+ inches and placed further south/southwest than
    other solutions. This is somewhat concerning, as this brings the
    forecast axis of QPF even more into alignment with areas that
    realized heavy rainfall in prior days.

    A Slight Risk remains in effect and seems appropriate given at
    least three days of recovery from the previous heavy rainfall
    event and uncertainty with regard to the amount of training and
    resultant QPF.

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    ARKANSAS AND NORTH TEXAS INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...20z Update...

    Organized convection is expected to be ongoing Monday morning
    across a good portion of North TX and into southeastern OK and the
    Ark-La-Tex, moving east across Arkansas and into the Mid-South
    during the day. Confidence is highest in robust convection in the
    vicinity of North TX early in the period, whereas solutions diverge
    somewhat later in the day...with one camp of guidance suggesting
    training convection and localized totals as high as 3-5" from a
    relatively hydrologically sensitive region from southwest OK into northwest/north-central AR (mainly driven by the GFS/GEFS) and the
    other camp indicating higher odds for 3" exceedance farther south
    into the Ark-La-Tex and southern AR (led by the ECMWF/ECENS, but
    also having greater support from the CMC suite and UKMET as well).
    Overall this led relatively to little change to the inherited SLGT
    risk, mainly shifting the area a bit west and flattening it out to
    account for the (aforementioned) less amplified upper-level trough.
    There may need to be considerations for a future targeted Moderate
    risk upgrade, though for this to occur more guidance would most
    likely need to shift towards the northern solution (or consolidate
    towards the southern solution while also getting wetter, as FFGs
    indicate much less sensitive soils that would require a broader
    area of 3"+ before meeting Moderate coverage criteria).

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The broad area of showers and thunderstorms are expected to shift
    to the eastern portion of the Southern Plains and the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The highest amounts are expected to focus over
    the AK-LA-TX region. While areal averages of 1 to 3 inches are
    forecast, isolated maximums of 4+ inches will be possible. There
    will be some overlap of heavy rainfall from the previous day which
    will lower local FFGs. Training and back building of storms may be
    possible, particularly for norther Texas and Arkansas. A Slight
    Risk is in effect from northeast Texas/northern Louisiana to
    western Tennessee/northwest Mississippi.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4OPVVVAF3thHT42bUb8rYNzogVkWFfmDt6HZz7r5SMi2= RxG2Rvjr29jkuy4zrugnghbEf0KYzK2cMoeNTDQQwwABDnA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4OPVVVAF3thHT42bUb8rYNzogVkWFfmDt6HZz7r5SMi2= RxG2Rvjr29jkuy4zrugnghbEf0KYzK2cMoeNTDQQu97NlBs$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4OPVVVAF3thHT42bUb8rYNzogVkWFfmDt6HZz7r5SMi2= RxG2Rvjr29jkuy4zrugnghbEf0KYzK2cMoeNTDQQucwzIFA$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 23 08:23:36 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 230823
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    323 AM EST Sun Nov 23 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF=20
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be firing up ahead of and along the
    east-west stationary/warm frontal boundary draped across southern=20
    Texas and again with the approach of the cold front from western=20
    Texas by late afternoon/evening. Parts of the Dallas/Fort Worth
    metro could realize rain accumulations of at least 3 inches,
    however much of the Consensus keeps the majority of the higher QPF
    focused north of the Hill Country and for less populated=20
    locations.=20

    While this less populated region of Central/ Northwest Texas=20
    within the south-central portion of the Slight Risk has=20
    indications of 5"+ potential (per 40-km HREF 5" exceedance probs of
    ~15%), this signal is being driven seemingly entirely by one=20
    member (the FV3, which is generally one of the less reliable=20
    members) with the bulk of the CAM guidance in good agreement=20
    indicating 2-4" totals. The bulk of the expected QPF will occur in
    the last 6 hour segment of the period, this may or may not play a
    limiting factor in the need of a local Moderate Risk.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    ARKANSAS AND NORTH TEXAS INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE AND NORTHWEST=20 MISSISSIPPI...

    Organized convection will be ongoing across North Texas and into=20 southeastern Oklahoma and the Ark-La-Tex region, moving east=20
    across Arkansas and into the Mid-South during the day. The best=20
    potential for heavy rainfall will center around North Texas=20
    initially before spreading eastward. Guidance maintains a split in
    location of the 3+ inch exceedance from a relatively=20
    hydrologically sensitive region from southwest Oklama into=20 northwest/north-central Arkansas (mainly driven by the GFS/GEFS)=20
    and the other camp indicating higher odds for 3" exceedance farther
    south into the Ark-La-Tex and southern Arkansas. There may need to
    be considerations for a future targeted Moderate Risk upgrade,=20
    though for this to occur more guidance would most likely need to=20
    shift towards the northern solution (or consolidate towards the=20
    southern solution while also getting wetter, as FFGs indicate much=20
    less sensitive soils that would require a broader area of 3"+=20
    before meeting Moderate coverage criteria).

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3 Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    The low pressure system is expected to continue advancing eastward
    then will track northeast while weakening on Tuesday. This will
    shift the focus of convection to south-central/Southeast during=20
    this period. A Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall was maintained
    from the previous Day 4 outlook. Areal averages of 1 to 3 inches
    will be common.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5BFprpxCiK1-v1scRYMkOCt8ujEHLb5EU2qnR8bOKi3Q= yBDLvdM7nIb5uGi0ouUCq3E-kDeC61C6oRDZI3EelnJYwaY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5BFprpxCiK1-v1scRYMkOCt8ujEHLb5EU2qnR8bOKi3Q= yBDLvdM7nIb5uGi0ouUCq3E-kDeC61C6oRDZI3EeJsP-9-k$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5BFprpxCiK1-v1scRYMkOCt8ujEHLb5EU2qnR8bOKi3Q= yBDLvdM7nIb5uGi0ouUCq3E-kDeC61C6oRDZI3EeiyilnVQ$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 23 15:59:27 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 231559
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1059 AM EST Sun Nov 23 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...16z Update...

    No major changes for the update, maintaining an inherited SLGT Risk
    and adjusting the contours a bit (mainly shrinking the northern
    extent) based on the latest 12z CAMs. Highest confidence for SLGT
    impacts exists across the northern TX Hill Country into the the Big
    Country, where FFGs (1-3 hr) are as low as 1.5-2.0". Convection is
    expected to proliferate rather late in the period, around and after
    06z for the bulk of heavy precipitation in the main area of concern
    (including San Angelo). Farther northeast in the SLGT, both rates
    and resulting totals look lower with less confidence overall. That
    said, still maintained the SLGT for areas with FFGs (3-6 hour) of=20
    2.5-3.0" given moderate to high (40-60%) 40-km HREF 2" exceedance=20
    probs and low (up to 15%) 3" exceedance probs. Outside the SLGT
    risk, also expanded the MRGL southeast to the coast in the vicinity
    of Corpus Christi, due to both observational trends this morning
    and resulting trends in the hi-res CAMs suggesting low-end
    potential for 3-5" exceedance (though FFGs are much higher).=20

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be firing up ahead of and along the
    east-west stationary/warm frontal boundary draped across southern
    Texas and again with the approach of the cold front from western
    Texas by late afternoon/evening. Parts of the Dallas/Fort Worth
    metro could realize rain accumulations of at least 3 inches,
    however much of the Consensus keeps the majority of the higher QPF
    focused north of the Hill Country and for less populated
    locations.=20

    While this less populated region of Central/ Northwest Texas
    within the south-central portion of the Slight Risk has
    indications of 5"+ potential (per 40-km HREF 5" exceedance probs of
    ~15%), this signal is being driven seemingly entirely by one
    member (the FV3, which is generally one of the less reliable
    members) with the bulk of the CAM guidance in good agreement
    indicating 2-4" totals. The bulk of the expected QPF will occur in
    the last 6 hour segment of the period, this may or may not play a
    limiting factor in the need of a local Moderate Risk.=20

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    ARKANSAS AND NORTH TEXAS INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE AND NORTHWEST
    MISSISSIPPI...

    Organized convection will be ongoing across North Texas and into
    southeastern Oklahoma and the Ark-La-Tex region, moving east
    across Arkansas and into the Mid-South during the day. The best
    potential for heavy rainfall will center around North Texas
    initially before spreading eastward. Guidance maintains a split in
    location of the 3+ inch exceedance from a relatively
    hydrologically sensitive region from southwest Oklahoma into northwest/north-central Arkansas (mainly driven by the GFS/GEFS)
    and the other camp indicating higher odds for 3" exceedance farther
    south into the Ark-La-Tex and southern Arkansas. There may need to
    be considerations for a future targeted Moderate Risk upgrade,
    though for this to occur more guidance would most likely need to
    shift towards the northern solution (or consolidate towards the
    southern solution while also getting wetter, as FFGs indicate much
    less sensitive soils that would require a broader area of 3"+
    before meeting Moderate coverage criteria).

    Campbell/Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    The low pressure system is expected to continue advancing eastward
    then will track northeast while weakening on Tuesday. This will
    shift the focus of convection to south-central/Southeast during
    this period. A Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall was maintained
    from the previous Day 4 outlook. Areal averages of 1 to 3 inches
    will be common.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9HHnAqmZu4DIdpqfpIp3jiUr543nw9rhpAIXhDXx-x_x= RoKedfNokP_t8v4Qv2SpLoDwmVLAa7_cw6e4XtZsTWu4K8E$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9HHnAqmZu4DIdpqfpIp3jiUr543nw9rhpAIXhDXx-x_x= RoKedfNokP_t8v4Qv2SpLoDwmVLAa7_cw6e4XtZsamcpMFs$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9HHnAqmZu4DIdpqfpIp3jiUr543nw9rhpAIXhDXx-x_x= RoKedfNokP_t8v4Qv2SpLoDwmVLAa7_cw6e4XtZsDk-Wq4A$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 23 20:00:22 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 232000
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    300 PM EST Sun Nov 23 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Nov 23 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...16z Update...

    No major changes for the update, maintaining an inherited SLGT Risk
    and adjusting the contours a bit (mainly shrinking the northern
    extent) based on the latest 12z CAMs. Highest confidence for SLGT
    impacts exists across the northern TX Hill Country into the the Big
    Country, where FFGs (1-3 hr) are as low as 1.5-2.0". Convection is
    expected to proliferate rather late in the period, around and after
    06z for the bulk of heavy precipitation in the main area of concern
    (including San Angelo). Farther northeast in the SLGT, both rates
    and resulting totals look lower with less confidence overall. That
    said, still maintained the SLGT for areas with FFGs (3-6 hour) of
    2.5-3.0" given moderate to high (40-60%) 40-km HREF 2" exceedance
    probs and low (up to 15%) 3" exceedance probs. Outside the SLGT
    risk, also expanded the MRGL southeast to the coast in the vicinity
    of Corpus Christi, due to both observational trends this morning
    and resulting trends in the hi-res CAMs suggesting low-end
    potential for 3-5" exceedance (though FFGs are much higher).

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be firing up ahead of and along the
    east-west stationary/warm frontal boundary draped across southern
    Texas and again with the approach of the cold front from western
    Texas by late afternoon/evening. Parts of the Dallas/Fort Worth
    metro could realize rain accumulations of at least 3 inches,
    however much of the Consensus keeps the majority of the higher QPF
    focused north of the Hill Country and for less populated
    locations.

    While this less populated region of Central/ Northwest Texas
    within the south-central portion of the Slight Risk has
    indications of 5"+ potential (per 40-km HREF 5" exceedance probs of
    ~15%), this signal is being driven seemingly entirely by one
    member (the FV3, which is generally one of the less reliable
    members) with the bulk of the CAM guidance in good agreement
    indicating 2-4" totals. The bulk of the expected QPF will occur in
    the last 6 hour segment of the period, this may or may not play a
    limiting factor in the need of a local Moderate Risk.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTH TEXAS AND CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS INTO ADJACENT=20
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND=20
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...20z Update...

    Organized convection will be ongoing across North Texas and into
    southeastern Oklahoma and the Ark-La-Tex region Mon AM, moving=20
    east across Arkansas and into the Mid-South during the day. The=20
    best potential for heavy rainfall will center around North Texas=20
    initially before spreading eastward. Guidance has consolidated on a
    more southern solution relative to prior days, and this includes=20
    the latest 12z hi-res model suite (which now extends through the=20
    full period). The rather broad Slight Risk is now relatively low=20
    confidence, given expected localized totals of around 3-4" being=20
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the SLGT and at
    or below FFGs across southern portions of the SLGT (though still=20
    maintained at SLGT here given the highest potential for localized=20
    5" exist to the south where instability is greatest...despite these probabilities being less than 20% per 12z HREF exceedance probs).=20

    Churchill/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF=20
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...20z Update...

    Little change to the inherited outlook, as guidance remains in
    relatively good agreement concerning localized totals as high as
    2-3". Should these occur over a short enough period (or exceed 3"+
    in areas farther south) than isolated instances of flash flooding
    are possible.=20

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The low pressure system is expected to continue advancing eastward
    then will track northeast while weakening on Tuesday. This will
    shift the focus of convection to south-central/Southeast during
    this period. A Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall was maintained
    from the previous Day 4 outlook. Areal averages of 1 to 3 inches
    will be common.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LnRLRkxBdMHOgqordKjwzEZI9F4dI-GejIW2KmsbS0-= APX0Sws5B-PBoQTRd64pa0Wr_ii4ur0hEXOKoWvd9lDt2lo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LnRLRkxBdMHOgqordKjwzEZI9F4dI-GejIW2KmsbS0-= APX0Sws5B-PBoQTRd64pa0Wr_ii4ur0hEXOKoWvdNwwR-44$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LnRLRkxBdMHOgqordKjwzEZI9F4dI-GejIW2KmsbS0-= APX0Sws5B-PBoQTRd64pa0Wr_ii4ur0hEXOKoWvd7-m0x-c$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 24 00:26:03 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 240025
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    725 PM EST Sun Nov 23 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN TEXAS INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    Showers and thunderstorms have fired up ahead of highly modified
    Pacific front/pseudo dryline which are along a broken line and
    moving into/across portions the Concho Valley and Edwards Plateau.
    Its southern edge is generally delimited by the 6C isotherm at 700
    hPa. Other longer duration, elevated showers and thunderstorms
    stretch northeast towards the Red River of the South. This=20
    precipitation pattern makes up the tail end of a warm conveyor=20
    belt around a deep layer cyclone in southeast CO. Precipitable=20
    water values are rising near and ahead of this activity, forecast=20
    to rise to 1.5-1.75" with time. MU CAPE is 2000+ J/kg in spots, and
    effective bulk shear is rather high, 40-70 kts regionally. This=20
    should lead to increased forward propagation of the convective band
    across south-central and central TX with time. Even so, hourly=20
    amounts to 2" with local totals to 4" are probably through 12z as=20 mesocyclones form along the band, which is expected to solidify=20
    with time as atmospheric moisture increases.

    Rainfall is forecast to become particularly heavy across portions=20
    of south-central and central TX after 03z, which is generally=20
    agreed upon by the 18z HREF and 12z REFS guidance. Based on those=20
    pieces of guidance, along with radar reflectivity trends, there was
    a southeast shift in the risk areas when compared to continuity.=20
    Flash flood guidance regionally has been depressed by the heavy=20
    rainfall on Wednesday and Thursday, with values in the 2-3"/3 hour=20
    time frame common, which should be exceeded on a scattered basis=20
    within the Slight Risk area overnight.

    Roth


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTH TEXAS AND CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS INTO ADJACENT
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...20z Update...

    Organized convection will be ongoing across North Texas and into
    southeastern Oklahoma and the Ark-La-Tex region Mon AM, moving
    east across Arkansas and into the Mid-South during the day. The
    best potential for heavy rainfall will center around North Texas
    initially before spreading eastward. Guidance has consolidated on a
    more southern solution relative to prior days, and this includes
    the latest 12z hi-res model suite (which now extends through the
    full period). The rather broad Slight Risk is now relatively low
    confidence, given expected localized totals of around 3-4" being
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the SLGT and at
    or below FFGs across southern portions of the SLGT (though still
    maintained at SLGT here given the highest potential for localized
    5" exist to the south where instability is greatest...despite these probabilities being less than 20% per 12z HREF exceedance probs).

    Churchill/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...20z Update...

    Little change to the inherited outlook, as guidance remains in
    relatively good agreement concerning localized totals as high as
    2-3". Should these occur over a short enough period (or exceed 3"+
    in areas farther south) than isolated instances of flash flooding
    are possible.

    Churchill


    ...Previous Discussion...

    The low pressure system is expected to continue advancing eastward
    then will track northeast while weakening on Tuesday. This will
    shift the focus of convection to south-central/Southeast during
    this period. A Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall was maintained
    from the previous Day 4 outlook. Areal averages of 1 to 3 inches
    will be common.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!67kwuf6BrMIQKqzue2tfiFMhx9ZGux5cTzs0t6QNRfay= B2nxwESo_AFGqtlzOMg34Ae2IbAj5fsQ3AZ3N6ZgBI71X3U$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!67kwuf6BrMIQKqzue2tfiFMhx9ZGux5cTzs0t6QNRfay= B2nxwESo_AFGqtlzOMg34Ae2IbAj5fsQ3AZ3N6ZgUz05_2Q$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!67kwuf6BrMIQKqzue2tfiFMhx9ZGux5cTzs0t6QNRfay= B2nxwESo_AFGqtlzOMg34Ae2IbAj5fsQ3AZ3N6Zg4nXNl4M$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 24 07:45:34 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 240745
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    245 AM EST Mon Nov 24 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTHEAST TEXAS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND INTO ADJACENT=20
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND=20
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    A SW-NE axis of thunderstorms setup overnight allowing training=20
    over central Texas. Storms are expected to linger over parts of
    central Texas at the start of the D1 period while ramping up over
    northeast Texas and adjacent areas as the upper trough/low=20
    advances eastward. Localized accumulations of around 3-4" being=20
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the Slight and
    at or below FFGs across southern portions of the Slight. Guidance
    continues to suggest the highest totals will focus near the=20
    Arkansas and Louisiana border and over northeast Texas. A broad=20
    Marginal Risk spans from central Texas to western portions of=20
    Tennessee and northwest Alabama.

    Campbell


    Day 2 Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    The low pressure system will continue advancing through the Gulf
    states and into the Southeast/Carolinas. The latest guidance=20
    continues to depict localized totals as high as 2-3" especially
    near the higher terrain of the region. Should these occur over a=20
    short enough period (or exceed 3"+ in areas farther south) than=20
    isolated instances of flash flooding are possible. A Marginal Risk
    remains in effect from eastern Mississippi to extreme southwest=20
    Virginia and western North and South Carolina.

    Churchill


    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WESTERN
    WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON...

    An atmospheric river directed toward the Pacific Northwest will
    advect copious moisture towards the terrain, with some 2 to 3 inch
    rainfall totals likely. This will increase the threat for runoff
    and localized flash flooding therefore a Marginal Risk is in=20
    effect.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7v0EALyRXVu6ovgmpV3iHVagWrpIReLVClCG8IzDgnwG= WgQR3-eStBb7ogvGFtTgqXWTDGu8Xz9bbaSyoEWOe3lcXrg$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7v0EALyRXVu6ovgmpV3iHVagWrpIReLVClCG8IzDgnwG= WgQR3-eStBb7ogvGFtTgqXWTDGu8Xz9bbaSyoEWO-VFDUgc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7v0EALyRXVu6ovgmpV3iHVagWrpIReLVClCG8IzDgnwG= WgQR3-eStBb7ogvGFtTgqXWTDGu8Xz9bbaSyoEWOljShsx4$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 24 15:12:39 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 241512
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1012 AM EST Mon Nov 24 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTHEAST TEXAS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND INTO ADJACENT
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    A SW-NE axis of thunderstorms setup overnight allowing training
    over central Texas. Storms are expected to linger over parts of
    central Texas at the start of the D1 period while ramping up over
    northeast Texas and adjacent areas as the upper trough/low
    advances eastward. Localized accumulations of around 3-4" being
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the Slight and
    at or below FFGs across southern portions of the Slight. Guidance
    continues to suggest the highest totals will focus near the
    Arkansas and Louisiana border and over northeast Texas. A broad
    Marginal Risk spans from central Texas to western portions of
    Tennessee and northwest Alabama.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    The low pressure system will continue advancing through the Gulf
    states and into the Southeast/Carolinas. The latest guidance
    continues to depict localized totals as high as 2-3" especially
    near the higher terrain of the region. Should these occur over a
    short enough period (or exceed 3"+ in areas farther south) than
    isolated instances of flash flooding are possible. A Marginal Risk
    remains in effect from eastern Mississippi to extreme southwest
    Virginia and western North and South Carolina.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WESTERN
    WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON...

    An atmospheric river directed toward the Pacific Northwest will
    advect copious moisture towards the terrain, with some 2 to 3 inch
    rainfall totals likely. This will increase the threat for runoff
    and localized flash flooding therefore a Marginal Risk is in
    effect.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9fbyXVKjcrwL3Iw0UFsxOS3Ngj2fnds23Nf0qo5LYEqI= HpIn9pJ7_d8jA1AqKDe8aiTKZZ3hy1nlKMv0XBx8p3PC9DA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9fbyXVKjcrwL3Iw0UFsxOS3Ngj2fnds23Nf0qo5LYEqI= HpIn9pJ7_d8jA1AqKDe8aiTKZZ3hy1nlKMv0XBx8x79alus$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9fbyXVKjcrwL3Iw0UFsxOS3Ngj2fnds23Nf0qo5LYEqI= HpIn9pJ7_d8jA1AqKDe8aiTKZZ3hy1nlKMv0XBx8Ep5Zo8M$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 24 15:41:09 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 241540
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1040 AM EST Mon Nov 24 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTHEAST TEXAS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND INTO ADJACENT
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...

    The overall forecast philosophy remains on track for this update.
    Areas of showers and thunderstorms are expected to redevelop from
    southwest to northeast within an 850mb low-level jet axis extending
    from near Austin, TX through the ArkLaTex. Some of the convection=20
    will interact with left over low-level boundaries from this=20
    morning's convection, further enhancing rainfall potential and=20
    resulting in localized 2-4 inch daily totals. The greatest risk of
    these enhanced rainfall totals will focus around northeast Texas=20
    into northwest Louisiana and vicinity.

    The overall convective scenario should translate eastward toward
    the Lower Mississippi Valley through the overnight hours and become increasingly displaced from surface-based buoyancy focused across
    southeast Texas/southwest Louisiana. Flash flooding should remain
    possible, but gradually decrease in coverage with eastward extent.

    Risk areas across Oklahoma, northern/central Arkansas, and parts of west-central Texas were trimmed as ongoing convective trends
    suggest that any remaining flash flood threat has lessened for the
    remainder of the forecast period.=20

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    A SW-NE axis of thunderstorms setup overnight allowing training
    over central Texas. Storms are expected to linger over parts of
    central Texas at the start of the D1 period while ramping up over
    northeast Texas and adjacent areas as the upper trough/low
    advances eastward. Localized accumulations of around 3-4" being
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the Slight and
    at or below FFGs across southern portions of the Slight. Guidance
    continues to suggest the highest totals will focus near the
    Arkansas and Louisiana border and over northeast Texas. A broad
    Marginal Risk spans from central Texas to western portions of
    Tennessee and northwest Alabama.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    The low pressure system will continue advancing through the Gulf
    states and into the Southeast/Carolinas. The latest guidance
    continues to depict localized totals as high as 2-3" especially
    near the higher terrain of the region. Should these occur over a
    short enough period (or exceed 3"+ in areas farther south) than
    isolated instances of flash flooding are possible. A Marginal Risk
    remains in effect from eastern Mississippi to extreme southwest
    Virginia and western North and South Carolina.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WESTERN
    WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON...

    An atmospheric river directed toward the Pacific Northwest will
    advect copious moisture towards the terrain, with some 2 to 3 inch
    rainfall totals likely. This will increase the threat for runoff
    and localized flash flooding therefore a Marginal Risk is in
    effect.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8VUzLLxjKd6p1BqIo6BWUJlYhghbHK7U7bNiZisYHb-T= KzzrXe0eCVVCU7nPWwlfV2DdMx9UeKzRsv1EpH2JOOO92lk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8VUzLLxjKd6p1BqIo6BWUJlYhghbHK7U7bNiZisYHb-T= KzzrXe0eCVVCU7nPWwlfV2DdMx9UeKzRsv1EpH2J5trjvfs$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8VUzLLxjKd6p1BqIo6BWUJlYhghbHK7U7bNiZisYHb-T= KzzrXe0eCVVCU7nPWwlfV2DdMx9UeKzRsv1EpH2JBW52zjc$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 24 19:45:17 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 241945
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    245 PM EST Mon Nov 24 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Nov 24 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    NORTHEAST TEXAS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND INTO ADJACENT
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND
    NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...

    The overall forecast philosophy remains on track for this update.
    Areas of showers and thunderstorms are expected to redevelop from
    southwest to northeast within an 850mb low-level jet axis extending
    from near Austin, TX through the ArkLaTex. Some of the convection
    will interact with left over low-level boundaries from this
    morning's convection, further enhancing rainfall potential and
    resulting in localized 2-4 inch daily totals. The greatest risk of
    these enhanced rainfall totals will focus around northeast Texas
    into northwest Louisiana and vicinity.

    The overall convective scenario should translate eastward toward
    the Lower Mississippi Valley through the overnight hours and become increasingly displaced from surface-based buoyancy focused across
    southeast Texas/southwest Louisiana. Flash flooding should remain
    possible, but gradually decrease in coverage with eastward extent.

    Risk areas across Oklahoma, northern/central Arkansas, and parts of west-central Texas were trimmed as ongoing convective trends
    suggest that any remaining flash flood threat has lessened for the
    remainder of the forecast period.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    A SW-NE axis of thunderstorms setup overnight allowing training
    over central Texas. Storms are expected to linger over parts of
    central Texas at the start of the D1 period while ramping up over
    northeast Texas and adjacent areas as the upper trough/low
    advances eastward. Localized accumulations of around 3-4" being
    near or just above FFGs across northern portions of the Slight and
    at or below FFGs across southern portions of the Slight. Guidance
    continues to suggest the highest totals will focus near the
    Arkansas and Louisiana border and over northeast Texas. A broad
    Marginal Risk spans from central Texas to western portions of
    Tennessee and northwest Alabama.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    20Z Update...
    Overall, no large changes were made to the previous area. Both the
    HREF and RRFS guidance indicate locally heavy amounts, with an=20
    isolated threat for flash flooding, are possible in the region.=20
    The 12Z HREFmean continues to highlight the southern Appalachians=20
    with higher probabilities for amounts of 2-3 inches, whereas the=20
    06Z RRFSmean suggests a broader threat that is centered farther=20
    southwest from northwestern Georgia back through central Alabama.=20

    Previous Discussion...
    The low pressure system will continue advancing through the Gulf=20
    states and into the Southeast/Carolinas. The latest guidance=20
    continues to depict localized totals as high as 2-3" especially=20
    near the higher terrain of the region. Should these occur over a=20
    short enough period (or exceed 3"+ in areas farther south) than=20
    isolated instances of flash flooding are possible. A Marginal Risk=20
    remains in effect from eastern Mississippi to extreme southwest=20
    Virginia and western North and South Carolina.

    Pereira/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WESTERN
    WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON...

    20Z Update...
    Made only minor adjustments to the previous outlook.

    Previous Discussion...
    An atmospheric river directed toward the Pacific Northwest will=20
    advect copious moisture towards the terrain, with some 2 to 3 inch=20
    rainfall totals likely. This will increase the threat for runoff=20
    and localized flash flooding therefore a Marginal Risk is in=20
    effect.

    Pereira/Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_dxuHm_4CUBm6BFu2VR3tIzXR478pwBjHmCJ_6QEzCNB= 9WSBDEFh2IIK77pAXzGYvoeqtWWtC2CZAK8XZAPoI8vvba4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_dxuHm_4CUBm6BFu2VR3tIzXR478pwBjHmCJ_6QEzCNB= 9WSBDEFh2IIK77pAXzGYvoeqtWWtC2CZAK8XZAPoNgmW4gI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_dxuHm_4CUBm6BFu2VR3tIzXR478pwBjHmCJ_6QEzCNB= 9WSBDEFh2IIK77pAXzGYvoeqtWWtC2CZAK8XZAPoDrGK65s$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 00:37:32 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 250037
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    737 PM EST Mon Nov 24 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO NORTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...01Z Update...

    The primary changes to the ERO risk areas this evening were to trim
    the west and northwestern portions of the risk areas in Texas and
    Arkansas, as the steadiest, heaviest rains have ended in the
    trimmed areas. Elsewhere, the ERO remains unchanged. A slow moving
    front is drawing sufficient Gulf moisture northeastward from
    eastern Texas into portions of the southern Tennessee Valley. Along
    this corridor of moisture, prodigious lightning producing storms
    are also peaking in intensity with rainfall rates topping 2 inches
    per hour. In the areas where this heavy rain is falling, flash
    flooding has been occurring. Fortunately storms reaching an
    intensity capable of this intensity of rainfall have been quite
    isolated among the larger complex of storms. The Slight Risk area
    continues to highlight the area where enough rainfall has been
    falling that should a storm move over those areas with heavier
    rainfall rates, then resultant flash flooding is likely.

    Slow moving storms associated with the southern end of the line
    will likely impact the Houston metro later tonight. Much of the
    CAMs guidance have suggested that by then the storms will be in a
    progressive line, limiting the amount of time heavy rain is
    occurring over the flood-sensitive metro.=20
    On the other end of the Slight, storms with embedded moderate to=20
    briefly heavy rainfall are also moving into northern Mississippi.=20
    Guidance suggests moderate rain will continue over this area for
    much of the night. This too could result in widely scattered
    instances of flash flooding. Since by late tonight instability will
    be waning, most of Mississippi other than the northwestern-most=20
    counties remain in a Marginal Risk. Thus, it should be noted that=20
    both these areas are in the higher end of the Marginal Risk threat.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    The overall forecast philosophy remains on track for this update.
    Areas of showers and thunderstorms are expected to redevelop from
    southwest to northeast within an 850mb low-level jet axis extending
    from near Austin, TX through the ArkLaTex. Some of the convection
    will interact with left over low-level boundaries from this
    morning's convection, further enhancing rainfall potential and
    resulting in localized 2-4 inch daily totals. The greatest risk of
    these enhanced rainfall totals will focus around northeast Texas
    into northwest Louisiana and vicinity.

    The overall convective scenario should translate eastward toward
    the Lower Mississippi Valley through the overnight hours and become increasingly displaced from surface-based buoyancy focused across
    southeast Texas/southwest Louisiana. Flash flooding should remain
    possible, but gradually decrease in coverage with eastward extent.

    Risk areas across Oklahoma, northern/central Arkansas, and parts of west-central Texas were trimmed as ongoing convective trends
    suggest that any remaining flash flood threat has lessened for the
    remainder of the forecast period.

    Cook


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST, TENNESSEE VALLEY, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    20Z Update...
    Overall, no large changes were made to the previous area. Both the
    HREF and RRFS guidance indicate locally heavy amounts, with an
    isolated threat for flash flooding, are possible in the region.
    The 12Z HREFmean continues to highlight the southern Appalachians
    with higher probabilities for amounts of 2-3 inches, whereas the
    06Z RRFSmean suggests a broader threat that is centered farther
    southwest from northwestern Georgia back through central Alabama.

    Previous Discussion...
    The low pressure system will continue advancing through the Gulf
    states and into the Southeast/Carolinas. The latest guidance
    continues to depict localized totals as high as 2-3" especially
    near the higher terrain of the region. Should these occur over a
    short enough period (or exceed 3"+ in areas farther south) than
    isolated instances of flash flooding are possible. A Marginal Risk
    remains in effect from eastern Mississippi to extreme southwest
    Virginia and western North and South Carolina.

    Pereira/Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WESTERN
    WASHINGTON AND NORTHWEST OREGON...

    20Z Update...
    Made only minor adjustments to the previous outlook.

    Previous Discussion...
    An atmospheric river directed toward the Pacific Northwest will
    advect copious moisture towards the terrain, with some 2 to 3 inch
    rainfall totals likely. This will increase the threat for runoff
    and localized flash flooding therefore a Marginal Risk is in
    effect.

    Pereira/Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9jdHcxju6aIuZuvEK1Tk_zUDnn5ZUUbvWZVzGm8RusX2= 8yBmKGNp6T4oBpwaKY0QbFRQCyIam2rplQnXlxf34gBpfxM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9jdHcxju6aIuZuvEK1Tk_zUDnn5ZUUbvWZVzGm8RusX2= 8yBmKGNp6T4oBpwaKY0QbFRQCyIam2rplQnXlxf3g__TAhM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9jdHcxju6aIuZuvEK1Tk_zUDnn5ZUUbvWZVzGm8RusX2= 8yBmKGNp6T4oBpwaKY0QbFRQCyIam2rplQnXlxf3k8cqCa0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 07:47:29 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 250747
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    247 AM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF=20
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, AND ALSO FOR THE COASTAL
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue=20
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold=20
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern=20
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the=20
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to=20
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and=20
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025




    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025




    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6BeywFq4gmao9MoL-vyboNXAcluDylKd79WacLfyA_UY= AjkVEFrUVY0wLWV_W-A2FN4_KDNkL0XTnPqQo9QSJ7ugp3I$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6BeywFq4gmao9MoL-vyboNXAcluDylKd79WacLfyA_UY= AjkVEFrUVY0wLWV_W-A2FN4_KDNkL0XTnPqQo9QSkonZvH8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6BeywFq4gmao9MoL-vyboNXAcluDylKd79WacLfyA_UY= AjkVEFrUVY0wLWV_W-A2FN4_KDNkL0XTnPqQo9QSyKcw09g$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 08:02:29 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 250802
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    302 AM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, AND ALSO FOR THE COASTAL
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_EfN_p13TN17pn3_YbQtKT3cj-JX32s4A9Def-_Bxk0J= A-tu_9RVOgG--_Zq2wuQFVCZoU2QrQARjCvWNLOxoEBLIvM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_EfN_p13TN17pn3_YbQtKT3cj-JX32s4A9Def-_Bxk0J= A-tu_9RVOgG--_Zq2wuQFVCZoU2QrQARjCvWNLOxDXVsHK0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_EfN_p13TN17pn3_YbQtKT3cj-JX32s4A9Def-_Bxk0J= A-tu_9RVOgG--_Zq2wuQFVCZoU2QrQARjCvWNLOxzihSE80$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 15:40:43 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 251540
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1040 AM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, AND ALSO FOR THE COASTAL
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast is generally on track with only minimal
    changes needed based on latest short-term convective evolution.
    Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1250 for short-term
    flash flood risk evolution across Alabama and vicinity.

    Later today, convection will increase in coverage and intensity
    across eastern Mississippi and migrate quickly eastward across
    Alabama into Georgia and southeastern Tennessee through the
    overnight hours. CAMs depict a mix of cellular and linear
    convective models with little opportunity for convective training
    that would enhance local flash flood risk. Marginal Risk and
    attendant probabilities remain appropriate for today's flash flood
    threat, with urban areas, sensitive/low-lying areas, and areas that
    have wet soils from prior rainfall (i.e., western/northern Alabama) experiencing a locally higher (but still isolated) threat of=20
    excessive runoff.

    A small Marginal Risk area was drawn for Deep South Texas primarily
    for the overnight (03Z-12Z) period. A stalling front should drift
    toward that area during that timeframe. Meanwhile, weak mid-level
    waves should initiate convection along and south of the front where
    moderate instability and very moist thermodynamics reside (PW
    values ~ 1.75 inch). While sufficient steering flow aloft exist for
    appreciable cell movement, any localized backbuilding near the
    front could prompt local 3 inch rainfall amounts that could cause
    excessive runoff especially near urban/sensitive locales.

    The remainder of the forecast (with Marginal Risk/probabilities for
    excessive runoff across the Pacific Northwest) is on track.

    See the prior forecast below for more information.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7AFaSiU-UQ0TJbgliKxj4OgryVg4hv8JSiTPDt63a_5O= bmsQSK8Qi6O9XVx_W6PCuAIsI1DjGSKjx4Fpms6SJj5C-sE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7AFaSiU-UQ0TJbgliKxj4OgryVg4hv8JSiTPDt63a_5O= bmsQSK8Qi6O9XVx_W6PCuAIsI1DjGSKjx4Fpms6SmcS-T6Q$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7AFaSiU-UQ0TJbgliKxj4OgryVg4hv8JSiTPDt63a_5O= bmsQSK8Qi6O9XVx_W6PCuAIsI1DjGSKjx4Fpms6S13IYRoY$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 15:54:43 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 251554
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1054 AM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, SOUTH TEXAS, AND ALSO FOR
    THE COASTAL PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast is generally on track with only minimal
    changes needed based on latest short-term convective evolution.
    Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1250 for short-term
    flash flood risk evolution across Alabama and vicinity.

    Later today, convection will increase in coverage and intensity
    across eastern Mississippi and migrate quickly eastward across
    Alabama into Georgia and southeastern Tennessee through the
    overnight hours. CAMs depict a mix of cellular and linear
    convective models with little opportunity for convective training
    that would enhance local flash flood risk. Marginal Risk and
    attendant probabilities remain appropriate for today's flash flood
    threat, with urban areas, sensitive/low-lying areas, and areas that
    have wet soils from prior rainfall (i.e., western/northern Alabama) experiencing a locally higher (but still isolated) threat of
    excessive runoff.

    A small Marginal Risk area was drawn for Deep South Texas primarily
    for the overnight (03Z-12Z) period. A stalling front should drift
    toward that area during that timeframe. Meanwhile, weak mid-level
    waves should initiate convection along and south of the front where
    moderate instability and very moist thermodynamics reside (PW
    values ~ 1.75 inch). While sufficient steering flow aloft exist for
    appreciable cell movement, any localized backbuilding near the
    front could prompt local 3 inch rainfall amounts that could cause
    excessive runoff especially near urban/sensitive locales.

    The remainder of the forecast (with Marginal Risk/probabilities for
    excessive runoff across the Pacific Northwest) is on track.

    See the prior forecast below for more information.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hamrick


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8gbjXvc5qqBSTfZh-D0BZxilKW_Y7clGkhLZ8eeMyx5g= IQhpX4tYbu4YrUxif8tuJaC7uWJgr-3pNWAknwDGNWwG6l0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8gbjXvc5qqBSTfZh-D0BZxilKW_Y7clGkhLZ8eeMyx5g= IQhpX4tYbu4YrUxif8tuJaC7uWJgr-3pNWAknwDGRG23JP0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8gbjXvc5qqBSTfZh-D0BZxilKW_Y7clGkhLZ8eeMyx5g= IQhpX4tYbu4YrUxif8tuJaC7uWJgr-3pNWAknwDGDdY0qxk$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 25 19:25:33 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 251925
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    225 PM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Nov 25 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, SOUTH TEXAS, AND ALSO FOR
    THE COASTAL PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast is generally on track with only minimal
    changes needed based on latest short-term convective evolution.
    Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1250 for short-term
    flash flood risk evolution across Alabama and vicinity.

    Later today, convection will increase in coverage and intensity
    across eastern Mississippi and migrate quickly eastward across
    Alabama into Georgia and southeastern Tennessee through the
    overnight hours. CAMs depict a mix of cellular and linear
    convective models with little opportunity for convective training
    that would enhance local flash flood risk. Marginal Risk and
    attendant probabilities remain appropriate for today's flash flood
    threat, with urban areas, sensitive/low-lying areas, and areas that
    have wet soils from prior rainfall (i.e., western/northern Alabama) experiencing a locally higher (but still isolated) threat of
    excessive runoff.

    A small Marginal Risk area was drawn for Deep South Texas primarily
    for the overnight (03Z-12Z) period. A stalling front should drift
    toward that area during that timeframe. Meanwhile, weak mid-level
    waves should initiate convection along and south of the front where
    moderate instability and very moist thermodynamics reside (PW
    values ~ 1.75 inch). While sufficient steering flow aloft exist for
    appreciable cell movement, any localized backbuilding near the
    front could prompt local 3 inch rainfall amounts that could cause
    excessive runoff especially near urban/sensitive locales.

    The remainder of the forecast (with Marginal Risk/probabilities for
    excessive runoff across the Pacific Northwest) is on track.

    See the prior forecast below for more information.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_6dQfRak1yeZNsHipd7tgi3iOVzVGgEEIXoYSyGQirzT= odA0KuFkAyi9Zsq5bLNv3ALqZZRTMVg_gcuEiGZSJoEYlsM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_6dQfRak1yeZNsHipd7tgi3iOVzVGgEEIXoYSyGQirzT= odA0KuFkAyi9Zsq5bLNv3ALqZZRTMVg_gcuEiGZSKQq-O0s$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_6dQfRak1yeZNsHipd7tgi3iOVzVGgEEIXoYSyGQirzT= odA0KuFkAyi9Zsq5bLNv3ALqZZRTMVg_gcuEiGZSLk8VXc0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 26 00:30:27 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 260030
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    730 PM EST Tue Nov 25 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS, SOUTH TEXAS, AND ALSO FOR
    THE COASTAL PACIFIC NORTHWEST...


    ...01Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast continues to be on track with respect to all
    three Marginal Risk areas. A line of showers and thunderstorms
    continues to propagate steadily eastward which has continued to
    limit the rainfall amounts and overall risk of excessive rainfall.
    Shrunk the area based on early evening radar imagery to mainly
    southeast Alabama and a small portion of nearby Georgia. No=20
    changes made to the Marginal Risk in the southern part of Texas=20
    with models still showing some potential for heavy rainfall.=20
    Persistent onshore flow will continue to bring rain into the west-=20
    coast of Washington and Oregon.

    Bann

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast is generally on track with only minimal
    changes needed based on latest short-term convective evolution.
    Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1250 for short-term
    flash flood risk evolution across Alabama and vicinity.

    Later today, convection will increase in coverage and intensity
    across eastern Mississippi and migrate quickly eastward across
    Alabama into Georgia and southeastern Tennessee through the
    overnight hours. CAMs depict a mix of cellular and linear
    convective models with little opportunity for convective training
    that would enhance local flash flood risk. Marginal Risk and
    attendant probabilities remain appropriate for today's flash flood
    threat, with urban areas, sensitive/low-lying areas, and areas that
    have wet soils from prior rainfall (i.e., western/northern Alabama) experiencing a locally higher (but still isolated) threat of
    excessive runoff.

    A small Marginal Risk area was drawn for Deep South Texas primarily
    for the overnight (03Z-12Z) period. A stalling front should drift
    toward that area during that timeframe. Meanwhile, weak mid-level
    waves should initiate convection along and south of the front where
    moderate instability and very moist thermodynamics reside (PW
    values ~ 1.75 inch). While sufficient steering flow aloft exist for
    appreciable cell movement, any localized backbuilding near the
    front could prompt local 3 inch rainfall amounts that could cause
    excessive runoff especially near urban/sensitive locales.

    The remainder of the forecast (with Marginal Risk/probabilities for
    excessive runoff across the Pacific Northwest) is on track.

    See the prior forecast below for more information.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast states...

    The storm system crossing the southern tier states will continue
    to have a plume of Gulf moisture surging north ahead of the cold
    front through Tuesday afternoon, mainly from southeastern
    Mississippi to the southern Appalachians. The magnitude of the
    rainfall and also the coverage is expected to wane compared to
    yesterday as the storm system becomes more elongated and
    progressive. Recent CAM guidance has swaths of QPF maxima on the
    order of 1.5 to 3 inches from central Alabama to eastern Tennessee
    and western North Carolina, with the RRFS taking some of the
    heavier rains as far north as the Kentucky state line. Only small
    changes were necessary to the inherited Marginal Risk area, with a
    modest extension northward to include more of the southern
    Appalachians, and a little farther westward to areas closer to the
    Mississippi border.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    A marginal atmospheric river event will affect the coastal ranges
    and the Cascades from central Oregon northward through Tuesday
    night, followed by lighter precipitation going into Wednesday.
    There will not be much instability to work with, so this will tend
    to keep rainfall rates in check, but the duration of moderate
    rainfall with rates near 0.25 inches per hour leading to areas of
    1-2 inch daily rainfall totals may just be enough to lead to some
    localized instances of minor flooding from the northern coastal
    ranges of Oregon to the Olympic Peninsula. The timing for this has
    also sped up some, to the point where the majority of the rainfall
    is now expected in the Day 1 period instead of the Day 2 period,
    so no areas are necessary at this time beyond 12Z Wednesday for
    this region.

    Hamrick


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8no_8NII0yZTuzeK1iwdiTWpAZOi2ye4L6D3wCXqKmGf= wRuYfPze69rbkRDNH3svIu6ABiIqVTmAb0mn_tS6h5wOfUM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8no_8NII0yZTuzeK1iwdiTWpAZOi2ye4L6D3wCXqKmGf= wRuYfPze69rbkRDNH3svIu6ABiIqVTmAb0mn_tS6dW3Ts6A$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8no_8NII0yZTuzeK1iwdiTWpAZOi2ye4L6D3wCXqKmGf= wRuYfPze69rbkRDNH3svIu6ABiIqVTmAb0mn_tS6hO4TqZ8$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 26 07:46:35 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 260746
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    246 AM EST Wed Nov 26 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_QMhQ3ISgYDpGnGa2RLj604TW4KW_KXO0183mRRIYCMv= ZwqLH_bu6-gWbdSEzyYaGUHbMtn5LWec8DVpxvr5LWmkqIA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_QMhQ3ISgYDpGnGa2RLj604TW4KW_KXO0183mRRIYCMv= ZwqLH_bu6-gWbdSEzyYaGUHbMtn5LWec8DVpxvr5yexNNNE$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_QMhQ3ISgYDpGnGa2RLj604TW4KW_KXO0183mRRIYCMv= ZwqLH_bu6-gWbdSEzyYaGUHbMtn5LWec8DVpxvr5jYmzBQg$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 26 15:07:01 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 261506
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1006 AM EST Wed Nov 26 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    An instance or two of flash flooding still remains possible across
    Deep South Texas through 17Z, but the overall threat remains
    brief/isolated enough to preclude any probabilities in this
    outlook. Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1253 for
    more information.

    Cook

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!98GqX_V7kiVrPS51ZUKzMIb9GOOg4pZBDqpB6kRjkRTX= Vl8Y0aY9U6iuRN3CbrpGxzETBr9FjgdQcPogk_NhRoRF_Kk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!98GqX_V7kiVrPS51ZUKzMIb9GOOg4pZBDqpB6kRjkRTX= Vl8Y0aY9U6iuRN3CbrpGxzETBr9FjgdQcPogk_NhvR6hqvU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!98GqX_V7kiVrPS51ZUKzMIb9GOOg4pZBDqpB6kRjkRTX= Vl8Y0aY9U6iuRN3CbrpGxzETBr9FjgdQcPogk_Nh3WYPpjM$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 26 19:01:47 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 261901
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    201 PM EST Wed Nov 26 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Nov 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    An instance or two of flash flooding still remains possible across
    Deep South Texas through 17Z, but the overall threat remains
    brief/isolated enough to preclude any probabilities in this
    outlook. Reference Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion #1253 for
    more information.

    Cook

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-miAVBdhDZqQR_xgGCVNPCzEDS78ErwbfiIEGU0WkRFy= LVwEypbg4l8YnPj5mgLByrXD5Xosdk-MSlkEIzd33Eruuho$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-miAVBdhDZqQR_xgGCVNPCzEDS78ErwbfiIEGU0WkRFy= LVwEypbg4l8YnPj5mgLByrXD5Xosdk-MSlkEIzd3G6y54nY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-miAVBdhDZqQR_xgGCVNPCzEDS78ErwbfiIEGU0WkRFy= LVwEypbg4l8YnPj5mgLByrXD5Xosdk-MSlkEIzd3yOJFiis$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 27 00:09:31 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 270009
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    709 PM EST Wed Nov 26 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Bann

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_AN4-wAWxvZ2Qo92cxtkfNtSvFofVBKr3urPva597BdS= k0loV8Wh7bYtPF6D595zeeGl0aNDyQIJ203Jq1HYqcnmU8k$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_AN4-wAWxvZ2Qo92cxtkfNtSvFofVBKr3urPva597BdS= k0loV8Wh7bYtPF6D595zeeGl0aNDyQIJ203Jq1HYt2_TWbU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_AN4-wAWxvZ2Qo92cxtkfNtSvFofVBKr3urPva597BdS= k0loV8Wh7bYtPF6D595zeeGl0aNDyQIJ203Jq1HYVrYv2A0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 27 07:29:43 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 270729
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    229 AM EST Thu Nov 27 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE WESTERN GULF AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...


    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected to fire up across
    Texas and portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley during this
    period as warm air advects northward ahead of an approaching cold
    front. Areal averages of 1 to locally 3 inches will be possible,
    with the best potential for the highest amount to focus near the
    Gulf Coast. A Marginal Risk area is in effect for eastern Texas,
    southeast Oklahoma, southern/central Arkansas, western Mississippi
    and most of Louisiana.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Se_TuspmzY4yTLgxLhQXvzUIXhpLKdQdi2ey4PhbI_A= hHZoMgU5UFjXt2iSJalm5ygwibID3ws5weIkcOKN62eOGK4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Se_TuspmzY4yTLgxLhQXvzUIXhpLKdQdi2ey4PhbI_A= hHZoMgU5UFjXt2iSJalm5ygwibID3ws5weIkcOKNcD3uFHA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Se_TuspmzY4yTLgxLhQXvzUIXhpLKdQdi2ey4PhbI_A= hHZoMgU5UFjXt2iSJalm5ygwibID3ws5weIkcOKNkQ5QO9E$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 27 15:45:07 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 271544
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1044 AM EST Thu Nov 27 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    An instance of urban flash flooding cannot be ruled out across
    portions of southeastern Florida this afternoon. An approaching
    cold front will trigger a few outflow-driven thunderstorms that may
    exhibit relatively slow storm motions due to weak wind fields below
    500mb. 1.6 inch PW values and 1000+ J/kg MLCAPE in the pre-frontal
    airmass both support robust updrafts with locally heavy rainfall.=20
    A conditional threat will exist for spotty 1 inch/hr rain rates to=20
    impact urban areas between Miami and West Palm Beach. The isolated=20
    and conditional nature of this threat precludes any introduction of probabilities/risk areas for this outlook.

    Cook

    Day 2 Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE WESTERN GULF AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...


    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected to fire up across
    Texas and portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley during this
    period as warm air advects northward ahead of an approaching cold
    front. Areal averages of 1 to locally 3 inches will be possible,
    with the best potential for the highest amount to focus near the
    Gulf Coast. A Marginal Risk area is in effect for eastern Texas,
    southeast Oklahoma, southern/central Arkansas, western Mississippi
    and most of Louisiana.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8LV_Z2vtXdUgnIoHWNNeoKaGBhkUKNXWl8SkylO8HVza= OssxGz3wMaeSymZDMvr5m8PwGwEiM8hLvc8XfwXtWzUlZQQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8LV_Z2vtXdUgnIoHWNNeoKaGBhkUKNXWl8SkylO8HVza= OssxGz3wMaeSymZDMvr5m8PwGwEiM8hLvc8XfwXtTl9j938$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8LV_Z2vtXdUgnIoHWNNeoKaGBhkUKNXWl8SkylO8HVza= OssxGz3wMaeSymZDMvr5m8PwGwEiM8hLvc8XfwXtbCsj3f0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 27 15:56:38 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 271556
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1056 AM EST Thu Nov 27 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    An instance of urban flash flooding cannot be ruled out across
    portions of southeastern Florida this afternoon. An approaching
    cold front will trigger a few outflow-driven thunderstorms that may
    exhibit relatively slow storm motions due to weak wind fields below
    500mb. 1.6 inch PW values and 1000+ J/kg MLCAPE in the pre-frontal
    airmass both support robust updrafts with locally heavy rainfall.
    A conditional threat will exist for spotty 1 inch/hr rain rates to
    impact urban areas between Miami and West Palm Beach. The isolated
    and conditional nature of this threat precludes any introduction of probabilities/risk areas for this outlook.

    Cook

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Campbell


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE WESTERN GULF AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...


    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected to fire up across
    Texas and portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley during this
    period as warm air advects northward ahead of an approaching cold
    front. Areal averages of 1 to locally 3 inches will be possible,
    with the best potential for the highest amount to focus near the
    Gulf Coast. A Marginal Risk area is in effect for eastern Texas,
    southeast Oklahoma, southern/central Arkansas, western Mississippi
    and most of Louisiana.

    Campbell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40wOA5TEU4CMkHnmj_kb9LDBN8F5hnqpojVqY5fq79Lx= ZwPu00JonZkGZCiT-6oVK-XZVOloGC1GHTW3n4smwpUKCio$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40wOA5TEU4CMkHnmj_kb9LDBN8F5hnqpojVqY5fq79Lx= ZwPu00JonZkGZCiT-6oVK-XZVOloGC1GHTW3n4smth6iFoo$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40wOA5TEU4CMkHnmj_kb9LDBN8F5hnqpojVqY5fq79Lx= ZwPu00JonZkGZCiT-6oVK-XZVOloGC1GHTW3n4smvipIh24$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 27 19:30:47 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 271930
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    230 PM EST Thu Nov 27 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Nov 27 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    An instance of urban flash flooding cannot be ruled out across
    portions of southeastern Florida this afternoon. An approaching
    cold front will trigger a few outflow-driven thunderstorms that may
    exhibit relatively slow storm motions due to weak wind fields below
    500mb. 1.6 inch PW values and 1000+ J/kg MLCAPE in the pre-frontal
    airmass both support robust updrafts with locally heavy rainfall.
    A conditional threat will exist for spotty 1 inch/hr rain rates to
    impact urban areas between Miami and West Palm Beach. The isolated
    and conditional nature of this threat precludes any introduction of probabilities/risk areas for this outlook.

    Cook

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS INTO CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

    We were able to trim back the northern and eastern extent of the=20
    Marginal risk with this update. Showers and embedded thunderstorms=20
    will be ongoing Saturday across the region, but the=20
    intensity/coverage is generally not expected to result in a flash=20
    flood risk. However we should see an uptick in both convective=20
    coverage and intensity between 00z-06z Sunday as low level=20
    convergence increases across southeast TX. While this activity=20
    still should be rather progressive, some brief training is=20
    possible, which could locally push rainfall amounts up over 2-3"=20
    and result in a localized flash flood risk. The 12z RRFS indicates=20
    this potential, producing localized swaths over 3" Saturday night.=20
    While the RRFS appears slower with the front than the model=20
    consensus, and thus too far west with its QPF max...the idea of=20
    some brief training resulting in locally higher rainfall still=20
    holds. Thus we will continue to carry a Marginal risk, but keep it=20
    confined to southeast TX into southwest LA where the potential for
    higher rainfall rates is greatest.

    Chenard

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_y9isghxHrxEKisIghRjY6wLIPeDJMnpc6Gi8S0lLu8v= jTGPXp-Z89TeL1rh5qEvOmkF9-4JqSYR6GbLmGduSt0GxeU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_y9isghxHrxEKisIghRjY6wLIPeDJMnpc6Gi8S0lLu8v= jTGPXp-Z89TeL1rh5qEvOmkF9-4JqSYR6GbLmGduLw3QSbo$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_y9isghxHrxEKisIghRjY6wLIPeDJMnpc6Gi8S0lLu8v= jTGPXp-Z89TeL1rh5qEvOmkF9-4JqSYR6GbLmGdudlEHZIM$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 28 00:11:13 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 280011
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    711 PM EST Thu Nov 27 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Bann

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS INTO CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

    We were able to trim back the northern and eastern extent of the
    Marginal risk with this update. Showers and embedded thunderstorms
    will be ongoing Saturday across the region, but the
    intensity/coverage is generally not expected to result in a flash
    flood risk. However we should see an uptick in both convective
    coverage and intensity between 00z-06z Sunday as low level
    convergence increases across southeast TX. While this activity
    still should be rather progressive, some brief training is
    possible, which could locally push rainfall amounts up over 2-3"
    and result in a localized flash flood risk. The 12z RRFS indicates
    this potential, producing localized swaths over 3" Saturday night.
    While the RRFS appears slower with the front than the model
    consensus, and thus too far west with its QPF max...the idea of
    some brief training resulting in locally higher rainfall still
    holds. Thus we will continue to carry a Marginal risk, but keep it
    confined to southeast TX into southwest LA where the potential for
    higher rainfall rates is greatest.

    Chenard

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Q_FVEK7bVIRO_L_NuDPC-meEjKkEXJH9uBHHuey91d= vWz0rAUYBw3IXq741xavTzS3699QGSpFO6iv65hR5zyrJOo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Q_FVEK7bVIRO_L_NuDPC-meEjKkEXJH9uBHHuey91d= vWz0rAUYBw3IXq741xavTzS3699QGSpFO6iv65hRgLy7q_Y$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Q_FVEK7bVIRO_L_NuDPC-meEjKkEXJH9uBHHuey91d= vWz0rAUYBw3IXq741xavTzS3699QGSpFO6iv65hRWZVlPRU$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 28 08:03:15 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 280803
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    303 AM EST Fri Nov 28 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS THROUGH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

    No changes were made to the Marginal Risk area from inherited.=20
    While peak MUCAPE values Sunday afternoon reach up to around 700=20
    J/kg, that level of instability will be relatively rare. The=20
    trailing cold front behind a developing low over the Plains will=20
    gradually settle along the upper Texas Coast into Louisiana. Gulf=20
    moisture will be drawn northeastward along the advancing front,=20
    resulting in rain and potentially training thunderstorms. The=20
    storms will be moving over a portion of Texas and Louisiana that=20
    has been very dry lately. The soils in this portion of eastern=20
    Texas through central Louisiana should absorb much of the rainfall
    expected. Given the potential for repeating/training storms across
    the area, the Marginal Risk remains in place, though any flash=20
    flooding would require multiple rounds of storms to move through.=20
    The combination of dry soils and marginal instability will hold the
    peak storm strength below anything capable of any more than=20
    isolated flash flooding. This appears to be a lower end Marginal=20
    risk given those limiting factors.=20

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5a8NpbSHa0it0CqqiLwnNJ5qeaBX5Za9FxqrK8xe_8sV= S4D2Kt02JQrh6-NI-v8azZW_3k_SCmlVKA2cZkGsxBlYCMk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5a8NpbSHa0it0CqqiLwnNJ5qeaBX5Za9FxqrK8xe_8sV= S4D2Kt02JQrh6-NI-v8azZW_3k_SCmlVKA2cZkGsT05CbTI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5a8NpbSHa0it0CqqiLwnNJ5qeaBX5Za9FxqrK8xe_8sV= S4D2Kt02JQrh6-NI-v8azZW_3k_SCmlVKA2cZkGsFZVE4ZQ$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 28 15:05:15 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 281505
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1005 AM EST Fri Nov 28 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS THROUGH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

    No changes were made to the Marginal Risk area from inherited.
    While peak MUCAPE values Sunday afternoon reach up to around 700
    J/kg, that level of instability will be relatively rare. The
    trailing cold front behind a developing low over the Plains will
    gradually settle along the upper Texas Coast into Louisiana. Gulf
    moisture will be drawn northeastward along the advancing front,
    resulting in rain and potentially training thunderstorms. The
    storms will be moving over a portion of Texas and Louisiana that
    has been very dry lately. The soils in this portion of eastern
    Texas through central Louisiana should absorb much of the rainfall
    expected. Given the potential for repeating/training storms across
    the area, the Marginal Risk remains in place, though any flash
    flooding would require multiple rounds of storms to move through.
    The combination of dry soils and marginal instability will hold the
    peak storm strength below anything capable of any more than
    isolated flash flooding. This appears to be a lower end Marginal
    risk given those limiting factors.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7U_AdocXYeCeC14XMxuOdJqOADhb1cAqzTDweAwLr458= nCDheuABLQ3Wn59ZXgm92wShupCmBzVJ2aj_GtMKIMlRolQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7U_AdocXYeCeC14XMxuOdJqOADhb1cAqzTDweAwLr458= nCDheuABLQ3Wn59ZXgm92wShupCmBzVJ2aj_GtMKOyeB3o8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7U_AdocXYeCeC14XMxuOdJqOADhb1cAqzTDweAwLr458= nCDheuABLQ3Wn59ZXgm92wShupCmBzVJ2aj_GtMKAZ4bCKg$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 28 18:58:25 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 281858
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    158 PM EST Fri Nov 28 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Nov 28 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    An uptick in convective coverage and intensity is expected Saturday
    night as low level convergence increases across Southeast TX with=20 instability around 1000 j/kg. The cold front moving through will be progressive, likely limiting the duration of this event. However=20
    the 12z high res models indicate a likelihood that we see some=20
    convective development ahead of the front around 00z, with frontal=20 convection then merging with this activity overnight. This=20
    evolution would allow for some brief training resulting in locally=20
    higher rainfall amounts. While some placement differences exist,=20
    both the 12z HREF and 06z REFS show neighborhood probabilities of=20
    exceeding 3" in the 30-60% range, and the HREF does show some 3hr=20
    FFG exceedance. Thus a localized flash flood risk remains, mainly=20
    focused across any more susceptible urban areas that see higher=20
    rainfall rates.

    Chenard

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_g7DP9E5-JoQS_4Y-N6tDAoTbFA7oB_tmYK8Z0rES_5j= 4cvaSeaTeDxFIMDzvdDlKssZTtV0o25qB61Xn6Qko9WNee4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_g7DP9E5-JoQS_4Y-N6tDAoTbFA7oB_tmYK8Z0rES_5j= 4cvaSeaTeDxFIMDzvdDlKssZTtV0o25qB61Xn6Qk79EOX3U$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_g7DP9E5-JoQS_4Y-N6tDAoTbFA7oB_tmYK8Z0rES_5j= 4cvaSeaTeDxFIMDzvdDlKssZTtV0o25qB61Xn6QkuOhDPnU$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 29 00:18:02 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 290017
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    717 PM EST Fri Nov 28 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Bann

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    An uptick in convective coverage and intensity is expected Saturday
    night as low level convergence increases across Southeast TX with
    instability around 1000 j/kg. The cold front moving through will be progressive, likely limiting the duration of this event. However
    the 12z high res models indicate a likelihood that we see some
    convective development ahead of the front around 00z, with frontal
    convection then merging with this activity overnight. This
    evolution would allow for some brief training resulting in locally
    higher rainfall amounts. While some placement differences exist,
    both the 12z HREF and 06z REFS show neighborhood probabilities of
    exceeding 3" in the 30-60% range, and the HREF does show some 3hr
    FFG exceedance. Thus a localized flash flood risk remains, mainly
    focused across any more susceptible urban areas that see higher
    rainfall rates.

    Chenard

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wXyPfw6QP0Ya6C_jxdSfGdPPol0-VCTF9ToQDC97sWV= oh_3QGAZPt0Ux8Oi36arogmlbpma8OLhgdlF39k2QEH8_Yo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wXyPfw6QP0Ya6C_jxdSfGdPPol0-VCTF9ToQDC97sWV= oh_3QGAZPt0Ux8Oi36arogmlbpma8OLhgdlF39k24OhY3j0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wXyPfw6QP0Ya6C_jxdSfGdPPol0-VCTF9ToQDC97sWV= oh_3QGAZPt0Ux8Oi36arogmlbpma8OLhgdlF39k26Sjdvx0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 29 08:01:00 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 290800
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    300 AM EST Sat Nov 29 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    A cold front moving south down the Plains will run into a plume of
    Gulf moisture moving into eastern Texas tonight. The clash of these
    two air masses is expected to result in some limited thunderstorm
    development this evening across portions of east central Texas and
    northern Louisiana. Overnight tonight, the line will press
    southward. As the line encounters ever increasing amounts of Gulf
    moisture, convective coverage is likely to also increase across
    southeastern Texas. Since the plume will continue northeastward up
    the front, additional convective development is also expected
    across central Louisiana. However, both due to increased distance
    from the Gulf and poor instability (values broadly have come down
    to at most 500 J/kg of MUCAPE), the storms further north and east
    into Louisiana are likely to remain as a progressive skinny line of
    convection. Meanwhile, in the Marginal Risk area across southeast
    Texas, closer proximity to the Gulf should allow for a bit of pre-
    frontal convection to form before the more organized line of storms
    moves through. Given the lack of instability, progressive movement
    of the storms, time of day (overnight tonight), and very dry soils
    present along the Gulf Coast, the thinking as regards coverage of
    flooding remains the same... only very isolated flash flooding=20
    possible where any prefrontal storms train over urban or other low-
    lying, flood-sensitive areas. This remains a lower end (near 5%)
    flood risk. For the most part, the rain expected tonight will be=20
    beneficial. The line will move through the Houston metro around=20
    midnight local time, then both weaken and move into the Gulf beyond
    that.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST TO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    A fast-moving progressive shortwave trough that extends from an
    expansive upper level low over Canada will provide the upper level
    forcing for cyclogenesis along a potent cold front that will
    roughly parallel the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard. The low will
    begin to form along the Texas Gulf coast during the day Monday,
    then track ENE across the Deep South, ending the period near the
    South Carolina/Georgia border. As the low tracks along the Gulf
    Coast, it will continually add Gulf moisture to its circulation,
    while also thriving on the baroclinicity brought on by a=20
    reinforcing cold air mass moving southeast from the Midwest. PWATs
    in the warm, moist Gulf air mass will exceed 1.75 inches in some
    areas. However, any instability will likely remain along the
    immediate coast, with very little instability inland. This supports
    an overrunning rainfall scenario, rather than an overly convective
    one. A prolonged period of light to moderate rain is expected
    across much of the South as a result. The heaviest rain is forecast=20
    from near New Orleans northeast to the southern Appalachians. It's=20
    in this corridor that the highest probability of flash flooding=20
    exists. The qualifier to this statement however is that FFGs across
    the Deep South are quite high as a result of recent dry weather=20
    and therefore very dry soils. This will favor most of the rainfall=20 associated with this low being beneficial to affected areas.=20
    Isolated flash flooding is most likely in urban or flood-prone=20
    areas, as well as in the flashier streams that drain the Southern=20 Appalachians.=20

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8quU76BunNYrbh3hHTfqWM-aB47GPrm5xR__9BWJtHpn= kQj9Rex97cSJsvXn5rt2mw-has6Wo2Rn8D_Hv8DmwlSK1pE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8quU76BunNYrbh3hHTfqWM-aB47GPrm5xR__9BWJtHpn= kQj9Rex97cSJsvXn5rt2mw-has6Wo2Rn8D_Hv8DmZt5z3Vk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8quU76BunNYrbh3hHTfqWM-aB47GPrm5xR__9BWJtHpn= kQj9Rex97cSJsvXn5rt2mw-has6Wo2Rn8D_Hv8DmI650hVQ$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 29 16:00:49 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 291600
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1100 AM EST Sat Nov 29 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...16Z Update...
    Morning surface observations and 12z Brownsville RAOB depict the=20
    return of a modified Gulf airmass ahead of a strong cold front=20
    surging into the Southern Plains. As the front approaches Southeast
    Texas, organized convection is expected to initiate this afternoon
    in the vicinity of a pre-frontal trough and returning warm front.=20
    12Z CAM guidance suggests some training potential with this
    convection in the 0-6Z timeframe along these boundaries before the
    front sweeps through. While much of the HREF guidance has trended
    upward in the magnitude of the rainfall footprint tonight, the=20
    modified airmass should limit hourly rainfall rates when combined=20
    with 500-1000 J/kg MUCAPE. Thus, maintained the Marginal Risk with=20
    an expansion along the I-10 corridor to account for urban heavy
    rainfall concerns.

    Asherman


    A cold front moving south down the Plains will run into a plume of
    Gulf moisture moving into eastern Texas tonight. The clash of these
    two air masses is expected to result in some limited thunderstorm
    development this evening across portions of east central Texas and
    northern Louisiana. Overnight tonight, the line will press
    southward. As the line encounters ever increasing amounts of Gulf
    moisture, convective coverage is likely to also increase across
    southeastern Texas. Since the plume will continue northeastward up
    the front, additional convective development is also expected
    across central Louisiana. However, both due to increased distance
    from the Gulf and poor instability (values broadly have come down
    to at most 500 J/kg of MUCAPE), the storms further north and east
    into Louisiana are likely to remain as a progressive skinny line of
    convection. Meanwhile, in the Marginal Risk area across southeast
    Texas, closer proximity to the Gulf should allow for a bit of pre-
    frontal convection to form before the more organized line of storms
    moves through. Given the lack of instability, progressive movement
    of the storms, time of day (overnight tonight), and very dry soils
    present along the Gulf Coast, the thinking as regards coverage of
    flooding remains the same... only very isolated flash flooding
    possible where any prefrontal storms train over urban or other low-
    lying, flood-sensitive areas. This remains a lower end (near 5%)
    flood risk. For the most part, the rain expected tonight will be
    beneficial. The line will move through the Houston metro around
    midnight local time, then both weaken and move into the Gulf beyond
    that.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST TO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    A fast-moving progressive shortwave trough that extends from an
    expansive upper level low over Canada will provide the upper level
    forcing for cyclogenesis along a potent cold front that will
    roughly parallel the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard. The low will
    begin to form along the Texas Gulf coast during the day Monday,
    then track ENE across the Deep South, ending the period near the
    South Carolina/Georgia border. As the low tracks along the Gulf
    Coast, it will continually add Gulf moisture to its circulation,
    while also thriving on the baroclinicity brought on by a
    reinforcing cold air mass moving southeast from the Midwest. PWATs
    in the warm, moist Gulf air mass will exceed 1.75 inches in some
    areas. However, any instability will likely remain along the
    immediate coast, with very little instability inland. This supports
    an overrunning rainfall scenario, rather than an overly convective
    one. A prolonged period of light to moderate rain is expected
    across much of the South as a result. The heaviest rain is forecast
    from near New Orleans northeast to the southern Appalachians. It's
    in this corridor that the highest probability of flash flooding
    exists. The qualifier to this statement however is that FFGs across
    the Deep South are quite high as a result of recent dry weather
    and therefore very dry soils. This will favor most of the rainfall
    associated with this low being beneficial to affected areas.
    Isolated flash flooding is most likely in urban or flood-prone
    areas, as well as in the flashier streams that drain the Southern
    Appalachians.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-apC-ciSESpIsPhJjOXMQac0YS0nR-Bivjrr_jO0FdLw= echA6kM7H1nznLKks1DiBsxjAYmj1U_ajDm5WE2GnuI0_p8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-apC-ciSESpIsPhJjOXMQac0YS0nR-Bivjrr_jO0FdLw= echA6kM7H1nznLKks1DiBsxjAYmj1U_ajDm5WE2GTMpKyS8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-apC-ciSESpIsPhJjOXMQac0YS0nR-Bivjrr_jO0FdLw= echA6kM7H1nznLKks1DiBsxjAYmj1U_ajDm5WE2Grs0dBfE$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 29 19:45:36 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 291945
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    245 PM EST Sat Nov 29 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Nov 29 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...16Z Update...
    Morning surface observations and 12z Brownsville RAOB depict the
    return of a modified Gulf airmass ahead of a strong cold front
    surging into the Southern Plains. As the front approaches Southeast
    Texas, organized convection is expected to initiate this afternoon
    in the vicinity of a pre-frontal trough and returning warm front.
    12Z CAM guidance suggests some training potential with this
    convection in the 0-6Z timeframe along these boundaries before the
    front sweeps through. While much of the HREF guidance has trended
    upward in the magnitude of the rainfall footprint tonight, the
    modified airmass should limit hourly rainfall rates when combined
    with 500-1000 J/kg MUCAPE. Thus, maintained the Marginal Risk with
    an expansion along the I-10 corridor to account for urban heavy
    rainfall concerns.

    Asherman


    A cold front moving south down the Plains will run into a plume of
    Gulf moisture moving into eastern Texas tonight. The clash of these
    two air masses is expected to result in some limited thunderstorm
    development this evening across portions of east central Texas and
    northern Louisiana. Overnight tonight, the line will press
    southward. As the line encounters ever increasing amounts of Gulf
    moisture, convective coverage is likely to also increase across
    southeastern Texas. Since the plume will continue northeastward up
    the front, additional convective development is also expected
    across central Louisiana. However, both due to increased distance
    from the Gulf and poor instability (values broadly have come down
    to at most 500 J/kg of MUCAPE), the storms further north and east
    into Louisiana are likely to remain as a progressive skinny line of
    convection. Meanwhile, in the Marginal Risk area across southeast
    Texas, closer proximity to the Gulf should allow for a bit of pre-
    frontal convection to form before the more organized line of storms
    moves through. Given the lack of instability, progressive movement
    of the storms, time of day (overnight tonight), and very dry soils
    present along the Gulf Coast, the thinking as regards coverage of
    flooding remains the same... only very isolated flash flooding
    possible where any prefrontal storms train over urban or other low-
    lying, flood-sensitive areas. This remains a lower end (near 5%)
    flood risk. For the most part, the rain expected tonight will be
    beneficial. The line will move through the Houston metro around
    midnight local time, then both weaken and move into the Gulf beyond
    that.

    Wegman


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    NORTHWEST AND CENTRAL GULF COAST INTO THE SOUTHEAST...

    2030Z Update...

    The 12Z suite of guidance is generally a bit faster with the
    ejection of shortwave energy and surface wave activity across the
    Gulf Coast states and into the Southeast for this period. However,
    there will still be an expansion area of convection focusing across
    areas of southeast TX/LA and east-northeastward across the Deep
    South and interior parts of the Southeast. There remains
    uncertainty with just how much instability can pool northward away
    from the Gulf Coast as most of the guidance focuses the stronger
    instability along and offshore of the Gulf Coast, but there will be
    plenty of warm air advection, moisture transport and at least some
    elevated instability to focus an elongated corridor of heavy
    showers and thunderstorms. Some localized swaths of cell-training
    will be possible which may result in some 2 to 4 inch rainfall
    totals. However, given the dry antecedent conditions, this is
    expected to generally be an isolated flash flood threat and mainly
    around the more urbanized locations. Therefore, aside from some
    modest tweaks to account for the latest guidance, the Marginal Risk
    area is maintained.

    Orrison

    Previous discussion...

    A fast-moving progressive shortwave trough that extends from an=20
    expansive upper level low over Canada will provide the upper level=20
    forcing for cyclogenesis along a potent cold front that will=20
    roughly parallel the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard. The low will=20
    begin to form along the Texas Gulf coast during the day Monday,=20
    then track ENE across the Deep South, ending the period near the=20
    South Carolina/Georgia border. As the low tracks along the Gulf=20
    Coast, it will continually add Gulf moisture to its circulation,=20
    while also thriving on the baroclinicity brought on by a=20
    reinforcing cold air mass moving southeast from the Midwest. PWATs=20
    in the warm, moist Gulf air mass will exceed 1.75 inches in some=20
    areas. However, any instability will likely remain along the=20
    immediate coast, with very little instability inland. This supports
    an overrunning rainfall scenario, rather than an overly convective
    one. A prolonged period of light to moderate rain is expected=20
    across much of the South as a result. The heaviest rain is forecast
    from near New Orleans northeast to the southern Appalachians. It's
    in this corridor that the highest probability of flash flooding=20
    exists. The qualifier to this statement however is that FFGs across
    the Deep South are quite high as a result of recent dry weather=20
    and therefore very dry soils. This will favor most of the rainfall=20 associated with this low being beneficial to affected areas.=20
    Isolated flash flooding is most likely in urban or flood-prone=20
    areas, as well as in the flashier streams that drain the Southern=20 Appalachians.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6THRugZ-Z7jBVP-upo0Xl9JGe9avG-wcHE2tbGPtdBXD= Kwb1i31ZuO7GEZcaXP165uX1wQzyt5u6X0C3KngbNaAJfZs$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6THRugZ-Z7jBVP-upo0Xl9JGe9avG-wcHE2tbGPtdBXD= Kwb1i31ZuO7GEZcaXP165uX1wQzyt5u6X0C3Kngbm3cA97E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6THRugZ-Z7jBVP-upo0Xl9JGe9avG-wcHE2tbGPtdBXD= Kwb1i31ZuO7GEZcaXP165uX1wQzyt5u6X0C3Kngbq58N5Pw$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 30 00:35:02 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 300034
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    734 PM EST Sat Nov 29 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    Inflow at 850 hPa is confluent in the vicinity of I-10 across=20
    Southeast TX. MU CAPE in and near the Middle TX Coast is 1000+=20
    J/kg, and has been declining. Effective bulk shear of 30-45 kts has
    led to occasional cell organization, with organized activity=20
    moving east while less organized convection moves northeast (an=20
    environment favorable for cell mergers). Mesocyclone formation is
    possible in this environment. The combination of convection along=20
    a warm front in and near Houston at the present time and incoming=20
    convection associated with a cold front moving in from the=20
    northwest could also lead to cell mergers at 04z or so across
    Southeast TX. MU CAPE is forecast to retreat southwest and weaken
    further, which could lead to backbuilding and short periods of=20
    cell training. The atmosphere is saturated with precipitable water
    values around 1.5".=20

    The mesoscale guidance shows a bit of dispersion, with some=20
    indicating a maximum west of Houston, the HRRR insisting on the=20
    Houston Metro area itself, while other pieces of guidance are near=20
    or a bit north of Beaumont. This allowed the Marginal Risk to be=20
    maintained and expanded. Widely scattered instances of flash=20
    flooding are possible as hourly rain amounts maximize near 2.5" and
    local totals reach 5". Should this occur over an urban area,=20
    Slight Risk impacts would be possible.


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    NORTHWEST AND CENTRAL GULF COAST INTO THE SOUTHEAST...

    2030Z Update...

    The 12Z suite of guidance is generally a bit faster with the
    ejection of shortwave energy and surface wave activity across the
    Gulf Coast states and into the Southeast for this period. However,
    there will still be an expansion area of convection focusing across
    areas of southeast TX/LA and east-northeastward across the Deep
    South and interior parts of the Southeast. There remains
    uncertainty with just how much instability can pool northward away
    from the Gulf Coast as most of the guidance focuses the stronger
    instability along and offshore of the Gulf Coast, but there will be
    plenty of warm air advection, moisture transport and at least some
    elevated instability to focus an elongated corridor of heavy
    showers and thunderstorms. Some localized swaths of cell-training
    will be possible which may result in some 2 to 4 inch rainfall
    totals. However, given the dry antecedent conditions, this is
    expected to generally be an isolated flash flood threat and mainly
    around the more urbanized locations. Therefore, aside from some
    modest tweaks to account for the latest guidance, the Marginal Risk
    area is maintained.

    Orrison

    Previous discussion...

    A fast-moving progressive shortwave trough that extends from an
    expansive upper level low over Canada will provide the upper level
    forcing for cyclogenesis along a potent cold front that will
    roughly parallel the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard. The low will
    begin to form along the Texas Gulf coast during the day Monday,
    then track ENE across the Deep South, ending the period near the
    South Carolina/Georgia border. As the low tracks along the Gulf
    Coast, it will continually add Gulf moisture to its circulation,
    while also thriving on the baroclinicity brought on by a
    reinforcing cold air mass moving southeast from the Midwest. PWATs
    in the warm, moist Gulf air mass will exceed 1.75 inches in some
    areas. However, any instability will likely remain along the
    immediate coast, with very little instability inland. This supports
    an overrunning rainfall scenario, rather than an overly convective
    one. A prolonged period of light to moderate rain is expected
    across much of the South as a result. The heaviest rain is forecast
    from near New Orleans northeast to the southern Appalachians. It's
    in this corridor that the highest probability of flash flooding
    exists. The qualifier to this statement however is that FFGs across
    the Deep South are quite high as a result of recent dry weather
    and therefore very dry soils. This will favor most of the rainfall
    associated with this low being beneficial to affected areas.
    Isolated flash flooding is most likely in urban or flood-prone
    areas, as well as in the flashier streams that drain the Southern
    Appalachians.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!99qYPmeuKt8Kx9fHtZORYeMwe37hPeki-zNNsgZRJ6UE= Z92PxxX5_VPxsqE5Xas8AWornqKKuuefZy-nBlh7lnJbgwU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!99qYPmeuKt8Kx9fHtZORYeMwe37hPeki-zNNsgZRJ6UE= Z92PxxX5_VPxsqE5Xas8AWornqKKuuefZy-nBlh7R8egRS8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!99qYPmeuKt8Kx9fHtZORYeMwe37hPeki-zNNsgZRJ6UE= Z92PxxX5_VPxsqE5Xas8AWornqKKuuefZy-nBlh7KD2IE-s$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 30 08:00:33 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 300800
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    300 AM EST Sun Nov 30 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    A fast-moving positively tilted shortwave trough will move east in
    parallel with a strong cold front that will sweep across the South,
    drawing abundant Gulf moisture for December north and east along
    the frontal interface. The enhanced lift associated with both the
    shortwave trough and attendant jet streak will favor cyclogenesis,
    especially Monday night as the low forms across far southern
    Georgia and coastal South Carolina. While the cold front will push
    the Gulf moisture with embedded thunderstorms along to the east, by
    the time the low forms along the front, it will have generally
    stalled out, with little southward progress. This should act to
    keep the pattern quite progressive, even if areas will still see
    heavy rain from thunderstorms. Further, the soil moisture levels
    across much of the South are below to well below average. This
    should support the soils largely soaking up the mostly stratiform
    (albeit with embedded convection) rain. There were few changes made
    to the Marginal Risk area, as the area of greatest concern for
    isolated instances of flash flooding are the urban centers from
    Houston east through New Orleans, Montgomery, and Atlanta.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The inherited Marginal Risk along much of the Eastern Seaboard from
    South Carolina north through Massachusetts was dropped, resulting
    in another blank ERO map with this update. The progressive nature
    of the low as it moves up the coast, despite somewhat rapid deepening,
    has resulted in an eastward shift of the heaviest precipitation
    more off the coast. For those areas not impacted by wintry weather
    in the interior Northeast/Appalachians, the rainfall along the
    coastal plain will be almost entirely stratiform, with any
    convection confined perhaps to the eastern Carolinas. Even in the
    Carolinas any convection will be fast-moving and embedded within a
    much larger stratiform rain shield. Thus, the combination of lower
    forecast rainfall amounts and the stratiform nature of the rain
    should result in a rather long-duration light rain along the coast
    in most areas. The heaviest rains Tuesday could even remain east of
    the I-95 corridor, and thus largely missing the bigger metros. Just
    like in the Deep South, soils along the Eastern Seaboard are also
    drier to much drier than normal for this time of year. Thus, any
    rainfall will be largely beneficial in these areas as well.=20

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_pSNHOa7Aq4lZW4t3S_urYtcYAeZZM9hmmC4r-1yZ2pj= ZjUZCHrFXp2LVlnTwGx81CBI1slATuzejzTBQkU3aoCT7GQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_pSNHOa7Aq4lZW4t3S_urYtcYAeZZM9hmmC4r-1yZ2pj= ZjUZCHrFXp2LVlnTwGx81CBI1slATuzejzTBQkU3DsMNGw0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_pSNHOa7Aq4lZW4t3S_urYtcYAeZZM9hmmC4r-1yZ2pj= ZjUZCHrFXp2LVlnTwGx81CBI1slATuzejzTBQkU30GXCBKk$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 30 15:43:25 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 301543
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1043 AM EST Sun Nov 30 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Asherman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    A fast-moving positively tilted shortwave trough will move east in
    parallel with a strong cold front that will sweep across the South,
    drawing abundant Gulf moisture for December north and east along
    the frontal interface. The enhanced lift associated with both the
    shortwave trough and attendant jet streak will favor cyclogenesis,
    especially Monday night as the low forms across far southern
    Georgia and coastal South Carolina. While the cold front will push
    the Gulf moisture with embedded thunderstorms along to the east, by
    the time the low forms along the front, it will have generally
    stalled out, with little southward progress. This should act to
    keep the pattern quite progressive, even if areas will still see
    heavy rain from thunderstorms. Further, the soil moisture levels
    across much of the South are below to well below average. This
    should support the soils largely soaking up the mostly stratiform
    (albeit with embedded convection) rain. There were few changes made
    to the Marginal Risk area, as the area of greatest concern for
    isolated instances of flash flooding are the urban centers from
    Houston east through New Orleans, Montgomery, and Atlanta.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The inherited Marginal Risk along much of the Eastern Seaboard from
    South Carolina north through Massachusetts was dropped, resulting
    in another blank ERO map with this update. The progressive nature
    of the low as it moves up the coast, despite somewhat rapid deepening,
    has resulted in an eastward shift of the heaviest precipitation
    more off the coast. For those areas not impacted by wintry weather
    in the interior Northeast/Appalachians, the rainfall along the
    coastal plain will be almost entirely stratiform, with any
    convection confined perhaps to the eastern Carolinas. Even in the
    Carolinas any convection will be fast-moving and embedded within a
    much larger stratiform rain shield. Thus, the combination of lower
    forecast rainfall amounts and the stratiform nature of the rain
    should result in a rather long-duration light rain along the coast
    in most areas. The heaviest rains Tuesday could even remain east of
    the I-95 corridor, and thus largely missing the bigger metros. Just
    like in the Deep South, soils along the Eastern Seaboard are also
    drier to much drier than normal for this time of year. Thus, any
    rainfall will be largely beneficial in these areas as well.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_KVy7NeRTHPmaaZf-d1uR3213_SfjG_6JEOpnnq1Wvdr= veH49ODNUmtGu1uNoi1nLlZCfvoMFRIWYMWsS9WFxAbV6x4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_KVy7NeRTHPmaaZf-d1uR3213_SfjG_6JEOpnnq1Wvdr= veH49ODNUmtGu1uNoi1nLlZCfvoMFRIWYMWsS9WFqyaEkyw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_KVy7NeRTHPmaaZf-d1uR3213_SfjG_6JEOpnnq1Wvdr= veH49ODNUmtGu1uNoi1nLlZCfvoMFRIWYMWsS9WFX5YvODo$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 30 19:24:38 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 301924
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    224 PM EST Sun Nov 30 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Nov 30 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Asherman


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    2030Z Update...

    The 12Z multi-model consensus overall shows little change to
    continuity with respect to QPF and the broader synoptic scale mass
    field pattern. Thus, the Marginal Risk area remains in place=20
    across portions of the Gulf Coast and through the Deep South.

    Orrison

    Previous discussion...

    A fast-moving positively tilted shortwave trough will move east in
    parallel with a strong cold front that will sweep across the South,
    drawing abundant Gulf moisture for December north and east along
    the frontal interface. The enhanced lift associated with both the
    shortwave trough and attendant jet streak will favor cyclogenesis,
    especially Monday night as the low forms across far southern
    Georgia and coastal South Carolina. While the cold front will push
    the Gulf moisture with embedded thunderstorms along to the east, by
    the time the low forms along the front, it will have generally
    stalled out, with little southward progress. This should act to
    keep the pattern quite progressive, even if areas will still see
    heavy rain from thunderstorms. Further, the soil moisture levels
    across much of the South are below to well below average. This
    should support the soils largely soaking up the mostly stratiform
    (albeit with embedded convection) rain. There were few changes made
    to the Marginal Risk area, as the area of greatest concern for
    isolated instances of flash flooding are the urban centers from
    Houston east through New Orleans, Montgomery, and Atlanta.

    Wegman


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!93oKAUYe2D0Hin6rNucPhvMomqv2OGcg5LR3y7WgUUnJ= 1TY8yPdpvOqqQvR3eOo1mO9-5IQ8HUHXNg0wc0MJgjW2s2c$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!93oKAUYe2D0Hin6rNucPhvMomqv2OGcg5LR3y7WgUUnJ= 1TY8yPdpvOqqQvR3eOo1mO9-5IQ8HUHXNg0wc0MJm9BUW_s$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!93oKAUYe2D0Hin6rNucPhvMomqv2OGcg5LR3y7WgUUnJ= 1TY8yPdpvOqqQvR3eOo1mO9-5IQ8HUHXNg0wc0MJxFdKgyQ$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 30 22:35:58 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 302235
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    535 PM EST Sun Nov 30 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Roth/Asherman


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    2030Z Update...

    The 12Z multi-model consensus overall shows little change to
    continuity with respect to QPF and the broader synoptic scale mass
    field pattern. Thus, the Marginal Risk area remains in place
    across portions of the Gulf Coast and through the Deep South.

    Orrison

    Previous discussion...

    A fast-moving positively tilted shortwave trough will move east in
    parallel with a strong cold front that will sweep across the South,
    drawing abundant Gulf moisture for December north and east along
    the frontal interface. The enhanced lift associated with both the
    shortwave trough and attendant jet streak will favor cyclogenesis,
    especially Monday night as the low forms across far southern
    Georgia and coastal South Carolina. While the cold front will push
    the Gulf moisture with embedded thunderstorms along to the east, by
    the time the low forms along the front, it will have generally
    stalled out, with little southward progress. This should act to
    keep the pattern quite progressive, even if areas will still see
    heavy rain from thunderstorms. Further, the soil moisture levels
    across much of the South are below to well below average. This
    should support the soils largely soaking up the mostly stratiform
    (albeit with embedded convection) rain. There were few changes made
    to the Marginal Risk area, as the area of greatest concern for
    isolated instances of flash flooding are the urban centers from
    Houston east through New Orleans, Montgomery, and Atlanta.

    Wegman


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LiFT3s9b-64WUnW1iTPMRizNJDA6ZxTaW0QuE057bBJ= VRuBBrN1cqOlFWpsZ8X_R438Db0_oXQjEyGNajV1eS9NxZA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LiFT3s9b-64WUnW1iTPMRizNJDA6ZxTaW0QuE057bBJ= VRuBBrN1cqOlFWpsZ8X_R438Db0_oXQjEyGNajV1MsaJJ00$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_LiFT3s9b-64WUnW1iTPMRizNJDA6ZxTaW0QuE057bBJ= VRuBBrN1cqOlFWpsZ8X_R438Db0_oXQjEyGNajV1ViP3ANI$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 1 08:00:34 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 010800
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    300 AM EST Mon Dec 1 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    Very few changes were needed to the Marginal Risk area that
    stretches from the Upper Texas Coast north and east along the Gulf
    coast and into central Alabama and Georgia. A progressive shortwave
    trough will round the southern periphery of an expansive upper
    level low centered north of Hudson Bay, well into Canada. The
    shortwave trough and associated 120-150 kt upper level zonal jet
    will provide the forcing to allow storms to strengthen as southerly
    flow off the Gulf provides ample moisture for the storms. The
    limiting factor for heavy rainfall will be a lack of
    instability...and while values could reach into the 500-1,000 J/kg
    range, this along with the fast movement of the storms should keep
    the flooding potential low along the Gulf Coast and Deep South. The
    moisture moving in off the Gulf will be somewhat anomalous for
    early December, with PWATs exceeding 1.75 inches along the coast,
    or about 2 sigma above normal. A sweeping cold front will allow for
    some organization to the storms. With heavy rain in portions of
    Southeast Texas over the past 24 hours, locally saturated soils
    could favor isolated instances of flash flooding in and around the
    Houston area.

    Further east, soils are much drier due to a distinct lack of rainfall...however, this area will have more time before the cold
    front sweeps through for storms to train over the same areas. This
    is most likely to occur in a corridor from around Pensacola, FL
    northeast to south of Atlanta. This area has very high FFGs, so
    even here the threat for flash flooding will be low, as a similar
    lack of instability should both hold storm intensity in check, and
    at least at first the rainfall will be very beneficial by soaking
    a parched landscape.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The very beginning of a multi-day rainfall event will begin to
    unfold Wednesday night along portions of the Upper Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. For the most part, the guidance for this
    time frame suggests most of the heaviest rainfall from
    thunderstorms will remain offshore. However, at least some of that
    rain could make its way inland. The threat remains sub-Marginal,
    but the area will continue to be evaluated for a later introduction
    of a Marginal Risk with future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_0ol_6DDkijDKi7rAyacYe-Abp2xYHub7WcUbQeTNx0d= g7sHoEPPSIaaxv3L1Vc-c2LmMNVZlaSHaXyR20pQn_hV-r4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_0ol_6DDkijDKi7rAyacYe-Abp2xYHub7WcUbQeTNx0d= g7sHoEPPSIaaxv3L1Vc-c2LmMNVZlaSHaXyR20pQXVydrro$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_0ol_6DDkijDKi7rAyacYe-Abp2xYHub7WcUbQeTNx0d= g7sHoEPPSIaaxv3L1Vc-c2LmMNVZlaSHaXyR20pQSpBBU9s$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 1 16:01:38 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 011601
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1101 AM EST Mon Dec 1 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    ...16Z Update...
    The Marginal Risk across portions of the Gulf Coast and Deep South
    remains unchanged from the overnight cycle. 12Z HREF and and 6Z REFS
    guidance are in good alignment depicting an uptick in shower and
    thunderstorm coverage today along the northern flank of a
    stationary front and surface wave. Low probabilities of rainfall
    rates exceeding 1"/hr suggest the excessive rainfall threat today
    should remain isolated at best, although some issues can't be=20
    ruled out in sensitive urban areas.

    Asherman

    ...Previous Discussion...
    Very few changes were needed to the Marginal Risk area that=20
    stretches from the Upper Texas Coast north and east along the Gulf=20
    coast and into central Alabama and Georgia. A progressive shortwave
    trough will round the southern periphery of an expansive upper=20
    level low centered north of Hudson Bay, well into Canada. The=20
    shortwave trough and associated 120-150 kt upper level zonal jet=20
    will provide the forcing to allow storms to strengthen as southerly
    flow off the Gulf provides ample moisture for the storms. The=20
    limiting factor for heavy rainfall will be a lack of=20
    instability...and while values could reach into the 500-1,000 J/kg=20
    range, this along with the fast movement of the storms should keep=20
    the flooding potential low along the Gulf Coast and Deep South. The
    moisture moving in off the Gulf will be somewhat anomalous for=20
    early December, with PWATs exceeding 1.75 inches along the coast,=20
    or about 2 sigma above normal. A sweeping cold front will allow for
    some organization to the storms. With heavy rain in portions of=20
    Southeast Texas over the past 24 hours, locally saturated soils=20
    could favor isolated instances of flash flooding in and around the=20
    Houston area.

    Further east, soils are much drier due to a distinct lack of rainfall...however, this area will have more time before the cold
    front sweeps through for storms to train over the same areas. This
    is most likely to occur in a corridor from around Pensacola, FL
    northeast to south of Atlanta. This area has very high FFGs, so
    even here the threat for flash flooding will be low, as a similar
    lack of instability should both hold storm intensity in check, and
    at least at first the rainfall will be very beneficial by soaking
    a parched landscape.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The very beginning of a multi-day rainfall event will begin to
    unfold Wednesday night along portions of the Upper Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. For the most part, the guidance for this
    time frame suggests most of the heaviest rainfall from
    thunderstorms will remain offshore. However, at least some of that
    rain could make its way inland. The threat remains sub-Marginal,
    but the area will continue to be evaluated for a later introduction
    of a Marginal Risk with future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JLslo1nxyH8aOGsCtA7vrIWohjlOvD04ZnZuj8dARNh= DkENxm67Xh0dSuUfQtYg009crZ9LA8tVVSsZBuGqe-eT18g$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JLslo1nxyH8aOGsCtA7vrIWohjlOvD04ZnZuj8dARNh= DkENxm67Xh0dSuUfQtYg009crZ9LA8tVVSsZBuGqojNdWNg$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JLslo1nxyH8aOGsCtA7vrIWohjlOvD04ZnZuj8dARNh= DkENxm67Xh0dSuUfQtYg009crZ9LA8tVVSsZBuGqadSlCqk$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 1 20:03:38 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 012003
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    303 PM EST Mon Dec 1 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Dec 01 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    ...16Z Update...
    The Marginal Risk across portions of the Gulf Coast and Deep South
    remains unchanged from the overnight cycle. 12Z HREF and and 6Z REFS
    guidance are in good alignment depicting an uptick in shower and
    thunderstorm coverage today along the northern flank of a
    stationary front and surface wave. Low probabilities of rainfall
    rates exceeding 1"/hr suggest the excessive rainfall threat today
    should remain isolated at best, although some issues can't be
    ruled out in sensitive urban areas.

    Asherman

    ...Previous Discussion...
    Very few changes were needed to the Marginal Risk area that
    stretches from the Upper Texas Coast north and east along the Gulf
    coast and into central Alabama and Georgia. A progressive shortwave
    trough will round the southern periphery of an expansive upper
    level low centered north of Hudson Bay, well into Canada. The
    shortwave trough and associated 120-150 kt upper level zonal jet
    will provide the forcing to allow storms to strengthen as southerly
    flow off the Gulf provides ample moisture for the storms. The
    limiting factor for heavy rainfall will be a lack of
    instability...and while values could reach into the 500-1,000 J/kg
    range, this along with the fast movement of the storms should keep
    the flooding potential low along the Gulf Coast and Deep South. The
    moisture moving in off the Gulf will be somewhat anomalous for
    early December, with PWATs exceeding 1.75 inches along the coast,
    or about 2 sigma above normal. A sweeping cold front will allow for
    some organization to the storms. With heavy rain in portions of
    Southeast Texas over the past 24 hours, locally saturated soils
    could favor isolated instances of flash flooding in and around the
    Houston area.

    Further east, soils are much drier due to a distinct lack of rainfall...however, this area will have more time before the cold
    front sweeps through for storms to train over the same areas. This
    is most likely to occur in a corridor from around Pensacola, FL
    northeast to south of Atlanta. This area has very high FFGs, so
    even here the threat for flash flooding will be low, as a similar
    lack of instability should both hold storm intensity in check, and
    at least at first the rainfall will be very beneficial by soaking
    a parched landscape.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Surface/low level convergence associated with a frontal boundary
    forecast to translate eastward into the western Atlantic after 18Z
    may allow for a band of SW to NE training heavy rain/thunderstorms
    early in the period over eastern North Carolina. Weak instability=20
    and precipitable water values increasing to over 1.5 inches along
    the coast could support rain rates over 2 in/hr, however, recent=20
    hires guidance maintains the potential for 3 to 6 inch totals=20
    offshore/east of the Outer Banks. While the threat is non-zero, it
    is low enough to not warrant a risk area at this time.

    Otto


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The very beginning of a multi-day rainfall event will begin to
    unfold Wednesday night along portions of the Upper Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Mainly for the 06-12Z time frame Thursday
    morning, the 12Z guidance continues to suggest most of the=20
    heaviest rainfall from heavy showers/thunderstorms will remain=20
    offshore. However, at least some of that rain could make its way=20
    inland. The threat remains sub- Marginal, but the area will=20
    continue to be evaluated for a later introduction of a Marginal=20
    Risk with future updates.

    Otto/Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8zQbr6HTXhYpZ8rbCXnzan001Ht0MUibbYIbYlbvcIwE= 35wKpr3G-SfJi8dporPSCHpMz_8WDGbcy-CdP7hpRvRP_-k$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8zQbr6HTXhYpZ8rbCXnzan001Ht0MUibbYIbYlbvcIwE= 35wKpr3G-SfJi8dporPSCHpMz_8WDGbcy-CdP7hpP2sO2jQ$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8zQbr6HTXhYpZ8rbCXnzan001Ht0MUibbYIbYlbvcIwE= 35wKpr3G-SfJi8dporPSCHpMz_8WDGbcy-CdP7hpz0G0o9U$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 1 22:54:33 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 012254
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    554 PM EST Mon Dec 1 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    A negatively- tilted shortwave trough moving through the Southern=20
    Plains at the present time is leading to a forming stationary from=20
    across the Deep South to the north of a wave of low pressure in the
    Gulf of Mexico. An area of low-level convergence which started as=20
    a frictional convergence zone near the northwest coast of Cuba is=20
    curling up towards the MS/AL coast at the present time. Moisture is
    sufficient for heavy rainfall, but until recently, instability was
    scant. However, ahead of the shortwave, MU CAPE has risen to 500=20
    J/kg near the southeast tip of LA, which should further increase=20
    from there and spread into nearby areas of the Central Gulf Coast=20
    with time, as far east as the FL Panhandle. MU CAPE could rise
    towards 1000 J/kg along portions of the Central Gulf Coast through
    early Tuesday morning. Effective bulk shear of 25-35 kts lurks
    across the region, which could lead to cell organization.

    A band of heavy rain with embedded thunderstorms has occasionally=20
    led to hourly rain amounts eclipsing 1" between southeast LA and
    southernmost AL thus far, but this has appeared more like a longer
    duration heavy rain event so far. The 18z HREF and 12z RRFS are=20
    not exactly in agreement regarding the potential for 2"+ by=20
    12z...their overlap is in a narrow zone between Dauphin Island AL=20
    and Pensacola where downstream instability and moisture overlap=20
    would be greatest. The three hour flash flood guidance values=20
    regionally are quite high and appear unreachable. However, there=20
    is some chance of 1.5" amounts in an hour with local totals up to=20
    3", which would be problematic in urban areas, so left much of the=20
    Marginal Risk area from continuity intact. The Marginal Risk area=20
    has been constrained on its west side per radar reflectivity trends
    and trends noted in the 18z HREF/12z RRFS guidance.

    Roth


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Surface/low level convergence associated with a frontal boundary
    forecast to translate eastward into the western Atlantic after 18Z
    may allow for a band of SW to NE training heavy rain/thunderstorms
    early in the period over eastern North Carolina. Weak instability
    and precipitable water values increasing to over 1.5 inches along
    the coast could support rain rates over 2 in/hr, however, recent
    hires guidance maintains the potential for 3 to 6 inch totals
    offshore/east of the Outer Banks. While the threat is non-zero, it
    is low enough to not warrant a risk area at this time.

    Otto


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The very beginning of a multi-day rainfall event will begin to
    unfold Wednesday night along portions of the Upper Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Mainly for the 06-12Z time frame Thursday
    morning, the 12Z guidance continues to suggest most of the
    heaviest rainfall from heavy showers/thunderstorms will remain
    offshore. However, at least some of that rain could make its way
    inland. The threat remains sub- Marginal, but the area will
    continue to be evaluated for a later introduction of a Marginal
    Risk with future updates.

    Otto/Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JhtpKZY8hmMIEMjlBD-SLd-BS71DInY9-GywGAOsomn= na9IpQs3e_SxE2g0hk_DIr1l-vh-NirHC8NF4VeC9BYBeb4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JhtpKZY8hmMIEMjlBD-SLd-BS71DInY9-GywGAOsomn= na9IpQs3e_SxE2g0hk_DIr1l-vh-NirHC8NF4VeCRhz10QI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5JhtpKZY8hmMIEMjlBD-SLd-BS71DInY9-GywGAOsomn= na9IpQs3e_SxE2g0hk_DIr1l-vh-NirHC8NF4VeCxPbbPEo$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 2 00:43:28 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 020043
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    743 PM EST Mon Dec 1 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GULF COAST AND DEEP SOUTH...

    A negatively- tilted shortwave trough moving through the Southern
    Plains at the present time is leading to a forming stationary from
    across the Deep South to the north of a wave of low pressure in the
    Gulf of Mexico. An area of low-level convergence which started as
    a frictional convergence zone near the northwest coast of Cuba is
    curling up towards the MS/AL coast at the present time. Moisture is
    sufficient for heavy rainfall, but until recently, instability was
    scant. However, ahead of the shortwave, MU CAPE has risen to 500
    J/kg near the southeast tip of LA and is surging north towards the
    AL/MS barrier islands, which should further increase from there=20
    and spread into nearby areas of the Central Gulf Coast with time,=20
    as far east as the FL Panhandle. MU CAPE could rise towards 1000=20
    J/kg along portions of the Central Gulf Coast through early Tuesday
    morning. Effective bulk shear of 25-45 kts lurks across the=20
    region, which could lead to cell organization.

    A band of heavy rain with embedded thunderstorms has recently led=20
    to hourly rain amounts up to 1.75" in southeast LA and southern AL=20
    thus far. The 18z HREF and 12z RRFS are not exactly in agreement=20
    regarding the potential for 2"+ by 12z...their overlap is in a=20
    narrow zone between Dauphin Island AL and Pensacola where=20
    downstream instability and moisture overlap would be greatest. The
    18z hi-res NAM is doing the best with the convective evolution
    thus far. The three hour flash flood guidance values regionally are
    quite high though they might be reachable. The risk for 1.75"=20
    amounts in an hour with local totals up to 4" should continue to=20
    exist overnight, which would be problematic in urban areas, so left
    much of the Marginal Risk area from continuity intact. The=20
    Marginal Risk area has been constrained on its west side per radar=20 reflectivity trends and trends noted in the 18z HREF/12z RRFS=20
    guidance.

    Roth


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Surface/low level convergence associated with a frontal boundary
    forecast to translate eastward into the western Atlantic after 18Z
    may allow for a band of SW to NE training heavy rain/thunderstorms
    early in the period over eastern North Carolina. Weak instability
    and precipitable water values increasing to over 1.5 inches along
    the coast could support rain rates over 2 in/hr, however, recent
    hires guidance maintains the potential for 3 to 6 inch totals
    offshore/east of the Outer Banks. While the threat is non-zero, it
    is low enough to not warrant a risk area at this time.

    Otto


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The very beginning of a multi-day rainfall event will begin to
    unfold Wednesday night along portions of the Upper Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Mainly for the 06-12Z time frame Thursday
    morning, the 12Z guidance continues to suggest most of the
    heaviest rainfall from heavy showers/thunderstorms will remain
    offshore. However, at least some of that rain could make its way
    inland. The threat remains sub- Marginal, but the area will
    continue to be evaluated for a later introduction of a Marginal
    Risk with future updates.

    Otto/Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q0Y28YgbGtc2Flzj_ycOtdl7RjZfSpJ8TCHAhXsoo57= fY_0TF6l9Qg2GdyqOfjmX-jUhnPlSzx81m_Zt1jyDLhJ7R4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q0Y28YgbGtc2Flzj_ycOtdl7RjZfSpJ8TCHAhXsoo57= fY_0TF6l9Qg2GdyqOfjmX-jUhnPlSzx81m_Zt1jy_teR2Hc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4Q0Y28YgbGtc2Flzj_ycOtdl7RjZfSpJ8TCHAhXsoo57= fY_0TF6l9Qg2GdyqOfjmX-jUhnPlSzx81m_Zt1jywah2tiE$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 2 07:55:34 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 020755
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    255 AM EST Tue Dec 2 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE
    MISSISSIPPI DELTA AND THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    A strong warm advection regime of deep Gulf moisture will have
    developed along the central Gulf Coast on Thursday morning. A polar
    high over the Midwest will suppress the northward extent of the
    precipitation. A unidirectional WSW flow regime will set up over
    all of the Southeastern U.S. with a 170 kt jet streak aligned
    roughly along the Ohio Valley, with a longwave positively tilted
    trough over the Southwest. Weak impulses of shortwave energy will
    eject out of the trough and along the jet streak, locally enhancing
    any convection. The primary forcing for precipitation however will
    be overrunning, as warm Gulf air tries to lift over the much colder
    air mass over much of the eastern U.S. The combination of
    unidirectional flow at all levels out of the WSW, overrunning of
    anomalously moist air, and some, albeit far from impressive
    instability will support training thunderstorms capable of 2 inch
    per hour rates. These storms will align in lines parallel to one
    another. Those lines will be slow moving, supporting multiple
    rounds of training storms over much of southern/southeastern
    Louisiana and into coastal Mississippi. NASA Sport imagery shows
    soils in much of southern Louisiana to be bone dry, with moisture
    levels at single digit percentages as compared with climatology.
    Thus, much of the rainfall, especially in areas where it remains
    light, will be beneficial for these areas. The Drought Monitor also
    shows this area to be in D2/Moderate Drought. Thus, it will take
    some time for enough rain to fall to support flash flooding.
    However, guidance suggests the New Orleans metro to be in the
    bullseye with the greatest chances for prolonged heavy rain. Given
    all of the above, the area remains in a Marginal Risk, but the area
    in and around New Orleans to the urbanized Mississippi Gulf Coast
    will be evaluated for the need for a Slight Risk upgrade with
    future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_lQ-Xu34rrycI7TIb_QedZdmRqSS-yDgVAeHgOGUljmd= kNB3ui0lWygFu6gURtwvqexC7O6iL8_31I4Bh2btH9Te_mM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_lQ-Xu34rrycI7TIb_QedZdmRqSS-yDgVAeHgOGUljmd= kNB3ui0lWygFu6gURtwvqexC7O6iL8_31I4Bh2bt21tR-_o$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_lQ-Xu34rrycI7TIb_QedZdmRqSS-yDgVAeHgOGUljmd= kNB3ui0lWygFu6gURtwvqexC7O6iL8_31I4Bh2btCgDx_S0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 2 15:40:54 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 021540
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1040 AM EST Tue Dec 2 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Otto

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE
    MISSISSIPPI DELTA AND THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    A strong warm advection regime of deep Gulf moisture will have
    developed along the central Gulf Coast on Thursday morning. A polar
    high over the Midwest will suppress the northward extent of the
    precipitation. A unidirectional WSW flow regime will set up over
    all of the Southeastern U.S. with a 170 kt jet streak aligned
    roughly along the Ohio Valley, with a longwave positively tilted
    trough over the Southwest. Weak impulses of shortwave energy will
    eject out of the trough and along the jet streak, locally enhancing
    any convection. The primary forcing for precipitation however will
    be overrunning, as warm Gulf air tries to lift over the much colder
    air mass over much of the eastern U.S. The combination of
    unidirectional flow at all levels out of the WSW, overrunning of
    anomalously moist air, and some, albeit far from impressive
    instability will support training thunderstorms capable of 2 inch
    per hour rates. These storms will align in lines parallel to one
    another. Those lines will be slow moving, supporting multiple
    rounds of training storms over much of southern/southeastern
    Louisiana and into coastal Mississippi. NASA Sport imagery shows
    soils in much of southern Louisiana to be bone dry, with moisture
    levels at single digit percentages as compared with climatology.
    Thus, much of the rainfall, especially in areas where it remains
    light, will be beneficial for these areas. The Drought Monitor also
    shows this area to be in D2/Moderate Drought. Thus, it will take
    some time for enough rain to fall to support flash flooding.
    However, guidance suggests the New Orleans metro to be in the
    bullseye with the greatest chances for prolonged heavy rain. Given
    all of the above, the area remains in a Marginal Risk, but the area
    in and around New Orleans to the urbanized Mississippi Gulf Coast
    will be evaluated for the need for a Slight Risk upgrade with
    future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-71VmZkkK28San-RVZ2vB4rPX3PKV4LqH0He05SKNvfa= UXBnOXm-NpysJ9kqGOWAuzzsFzq_-U2Gcq4wl2ktEJ8nHik$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-71VmZkkK28San-RVZ2vB4rPX3PKV4LqH0He05SKNvfa= UXBnOXm-NpysJ9kqGOWAuzzsFzq_-U2Gcq4wl2ktztq13eY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-71VmZkkK28San-RVZ2vB4rPX3PKV4LqH0He05SKNvfa= UXBnOXm-NpysJ9kqGOWAuzzsFzq_-U2Gcq4wl2ktpmJrHoE$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 2 18:49:23 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 021849
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    149 PM EST Tue Dec 2 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Dec 02 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Otto

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    Mid-level flow will amplify dramatically across much of Texas ahead
    of an approaching mid-level wave near the Four Corners. Meanwhile
    at the surface, 850mb flow will increase dramatically into a small
    part of southeast Texas and adjacent areas of the northwestern Gulf
    and southwestern Louisiana. Ascent on the nose of this low-level
    flow will combined with modest increases in low- and mid-level
    instability to force mostly elevated deep convection initially
    across southeastern Texas around 03-06Z Thursday. These cells will
    will form in an environment favoring appreciable storm motions,=20
    although the development of convection relative to an east-west=20
    oriented warm frontal zone across the region will likely support=20
    areas of training. CAMs are depicting local 3+ inch rainfall totals
    in areas southwest of Houston that could be realized especially if
    storms can become rooted in the boundary layer and/or training=20
    becomes focused along a local corridor in the region. A Marginal=20
    Risk/5% area was added to the outlook to account for these model=20
    trends. This risk is likely to begin after 03Z Thursday and persist
    through 12Z and into the D3 forecast period.

    Cook

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL=20
    GULF COAST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...
    The previous discussion and forecast philosophy is still on track,
    with an extensive overrunning event expected to produce widespread
    areas of 2-4 inch rainfall totals especially across southern
    Louisiana. Urban/flood prone areas will be most susceptible to
    flash flooding in this regime. The notion that most convection
    will be elevated atop a cool stable layer precludes any
    introduction of Slight Risk probabilities for this outlook.
    Marginal Risk areas have been trimmed/confined southward to
    locations expected to experience the highest rainfall totals.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    A strong warm advection regime of deep Gulf moisture will have
    developed along the central Gulf Coast on Thursday morning. A polar
    high over the Midwest will suppress the northward extent of the
    precipitation. A unidirectional WSW flow regime will set up over
    all of the Southeastern U.S. with a 170 kt jet streak aligned
    roughly along the Ohio Valley, with a longwave positively tilted
    trough over the Southwest. Weak impulses of shortwave energy will
    eject out of the trough and along the jet streak, locally enhancing
    any convection. The primary forcing for precipitation however will
    be overrunning, as warm Gulf air tries to lift over the much colder
    air mass over much of the eastern U.S. The combination of
    unidirectional flow at all levels out of the WSW, overrunning of
    anomalously moist air, and some, albeit far from impressive
    instability will support training thunderstorms capable of 2 inch
    per hour rates. These storms will align in lines parallel to one
    another. Those lines will be slow moving, supporting multiple
    rounds of training storms over much of southern/southeastern
    Louisiana and into coastal Mississippi. NASA Sport imagery shows
    soils in much of southern Louisiana to be bone dry, with moisture
    levels at single digit percentages as compared with climatology.
    Thus, much of the rainfall, especially in areas where it remains
    light, will be beneficial for these areas. The Drought Monitor also
    shows this area to be in D2/Moderate Drought. Thus, it will take
    some time for enough rain to fall to support flash flooding.
    However, guidance suggests the New Orleans metro to be in the
    bullseye with the greatest chances for prolonged heavy rain. Given
    all of the above, the area remains in a Marginal Risk, but the area
    in and around New Orleans to the urbanized Mississippi Gulf Coast
    will be evaluated for the need for a Slight Risk upgrade with
    future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9JX-EnnIA5U8Si1ylASq88VPPYfLKI-eB776FOQcGeax= 3iGEmvgRhCgG5Kwp05VO7dmHZrVq88rRljmlCkn85S-ZtQI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9JX-EnnIA5U8Si1ylASq88VPPYfLKI-eB776FOQcGeax= 3iGEmvgRhCgG5Kwp05VO7dmHZrVq88rRljmlCkn8Jsv847k$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9JX-EnnIA5U8Si1ylASq88VPPYfLKI-eB776FOQcGeax= 3iGEmvgRhCgG5Kwp05VO7dmHZrVq88rRljmlCkn8KCmCqF0$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 3 00:44:21 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 030044
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    744 PM EST Tue Dec 2 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hurley

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    Mid-level flow will amplify dramatically across much of Texas ahead
    of an approaching mid-level wave near the Four Corners. Meanwhile
    at the surface, 850mb flow will increase dramatically into a small
    part of southeast Texas and adjacent areas of the northwestern Gulf
    and southwestern Louisiana. Ascent on the nose of this low-level
    flow will combined with modest increases in low- and mid-level
    instability to force mostly elevated deep convection initially
    across southeastern Texas around 03-06Z Thursday. These cells will
    will form in an environment favoring appreciable storm motions,
    although the development of convection relative to an east-west
    oriented warm frontal zone across the region will likely support
    areas of training. CAMs are depicting local 3+ inch rainfall totals
    in areas southwest of Houston that could be realized especially if
    storms can become rooted in the boundary layer and/or training
    becomes focused along a local corridor in the region. A Marginal
    Risk/5% area was added to the outlook to account for these model
    trends. This risk is likely to begin after 03Z Thursday and persist
    through 12Z and into the D3 forecast period.

    Cook

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...
    The previous discussion and forecast philosophy is still on track,
    with an extensive overrunning event expected to produce widespread
    areas of 2-4 inch rainfall totals especially across southern
    Louisiana. Urban/flood prone areas will be most susceptible to
    flash flooding in this regime. The notion that most convection
    will be elevated atop a cool stable layer precludes any
    introduction of Slight Risk probabilities for this outlook.
    Marginal Risk areas have been trimmed/confined southward to
    locations expected to experience the highest rainfall totals.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    A strong warm advection regime of deep Gulf moisture will have
    developed along the central Gulf Coast on Thursday morning. A polar
    high over the Midwest will suppress the northward extent of the
    precipitation. A unidirectional WSW flow regime will set up over
    all of the Southeastern U.S. with a 170 kt jet streak aligned
    roughly along the Ohio Valley, with a longwave positively tilted
    trough over the Southwest. Weak impulses of shortwave energy will
    eject out of the trough and along the jet streak, locally enhancing
    any convection. The primary forcing for precipitation however will
    be overrunning, as warm Gulf air tries to lift over the much colder
    air mass over much of the eastern U.S. The combination of
    unidirectional flow at all levels out of the WSW, overrunning of
    anomalously moist air, and some, albeit far from impressive
    instability will support training thunderstorms capable of 2 inch
    per hour rates. These storms will align in lines parallel to one
    another. Those lines will be slow moving, supporting multiple
    rounds of training storms over much of southern/southeastern
    Louisiana and into coastal Mississippi. NASA Sport imagery shows
    soils in much of southern Louisiana to be bone dry, with moisture
    levels at single digit percentages as compared with climatology.
    Thus, much of the rainfall, especially in areas where it remains
    light, will be beneficial for these areas. The Drought Monitor also
    shows this area to be in D2/Moderate Drought. Thus, it will take
    some time for enough rain to fall to support flash flooding.
    However, guidance suggests the New Orleans metro to be in the
    bullseye with the greatest chances for prolonged heavy rain. Given
    all of the above, the area remains in a Marginal Risk, but the area
    in and around New Orleans to the urbanized Mississippi Gulf Coast
    will be evaluated for the need for a Slight Risk upgrade with
    future updates.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5OtiZuuFM-HW_rAL8TMiszL7GNkhUrZp3PFoFjFJl1Pi= AdtiLiZXUDa3jxp6nLbl-60hcy0VKdTHBYgcqZwyAxhHbw4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5OtiZuuFM-HW_rAL8TMiszL7GNkhUrZp3PFoFjFJl1Pi= AdtiLiZXUDa3jxp6nLbl-60hcy0VKdTHBYgcqZwyH-ozYq0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5OtiZuuFM-HW_rAL8TMiszL7GNkhUrZp3PFoFjFJl1Pi= AdtiLiZXUDa3jxp6nLbl-60hcy0VKdTHBYgcqZwyjG92Ozo$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 3 07:33:38 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 030733
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    233 AM EST Wed Dec 3 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    CIRA LPW shows the slug of enhanced moisture along the central
    Mexican Gulf coast starting to lift northward through the western
    Gulf jet under response from the digging mid-level shortwave across
    the Four Corners of the Southwest U.S. Twenty to 30kts of southerly
    low level flow will advect the moisture north, bring the surface
    front toward the central Texas coast through late afternoon into=20
    the evening; CAPE values will rise into the 2000-3000 J/kg range.
    As night-falls, stronger isentropic ascent will increase through
    depth as the upper-level southwesterly jet stream flow expands and
    strengthens providing the solid ascent plane for sufficient
    moisture convergence with total PWats over 2" for expanding region
    of elevated thunderstorm activity across the central and upper=20
    Texas Coast.=20

    Northward expansion remains the greatest uncertainty but overall
    00z CAMs continue denoting solid rainfall rate potential mainly
    along and south of the I-10 corridor with cell motions being slow
    but also slightly veering to more easterly with solid back-building
    potential to allow for some repeating training. HREF probability
    driven by the 00z CAMs, still suggest best signals will remain
    off-shore but there was also a slight northeastward trend in some
    of the convective elements into southwest to south-central LA with
    streaks of 2-3" totals. This will retain the solid Marginal Risk
    (5-15% coverage) of FFG exceedance with isolated rapid inundation
    flooding possible.=20

    Gallina


    Day 2 Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity should be=20
    ongoing start of the forecast period (04.12z) across the central=20
    Gulf coast. Steering flow will continue to flatten within fairly=20 unidirectional west-southwesterly deep layer flow. Right entrance=20
    ascent to 150-170kt jet centered over the Ohio Valley will keep=20
    isentropic moisture flux across the surface front that will=20
    oriented along and south of the coast. A weak mid-level shortwave=20
    will slide from west to east along the southern periphery of the=20
    jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-southwesterly 850mb flow=20
    which given 1.75-2" total PWats and modestly unstable ribbon (up to
    1000 J/kg) and should maintain the elevated convective=20
    development. Internal training of back-building convective elements
    should be the greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across
    the Bayous of south-central LA. A slow eastward propagation of the
    SSW- NNE oriented line will occur with the translation of the flat
    shortwave energy and potentially expand into coastal MS/AL and=20
    perhaps as far as western FL Panhandle by the end of the forecast=20
    period.=20

    There remains some north/south spread in placement of heaviest
    rainfall cores/training corridor. The GFS continues a traditional
    northward bias along with the NAM relative to the ECMWF and other
    global guidance; with some suggestion of overall totals in excess
    of 5" in spots. Hi-Res CAMs generally trend toward the southern
    solutions with heaviest rainfall along and south of I-10, which=20
    appears more plausible given the overall flow orientation (unstable
    air upstream over the waters). Still, there is some solid=20
    suggestion of rainfall rates/totals and environmental conditions=20
    that may warrant an upgrade to a Slight Risk, however, the split in
    placement and wider overall total rainfall total spread continues=20
    to be too great to delineate one at this time, but will continue to
    evaluate with future updates. As such, the broad Marginal from=20
    Galveston Bay to the Pensacola area of FL remains, though have=20
    broadened it slightly northward to account for the latitudinal=20
    variance.=20

    Gallina


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST THROUGH CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    The deep layer unidirectional west-southwesterly flow regime will
    remain in place for the day 3 period as well. The subtle, flat
    mid-level shortwave feature will be translating quickly across the
    South, through the Carolinas and offshore. The connection to the
    western Gulf moisture pool/theta-E source will continue to further
    narrow and stretch through an elongated isentropic ascent plane in
    the wake of the wave draped across SC, central GA toward the
    central Gulf coast. By this time period, the ascent across the
    front will be fairly oblique and lapse rates will have moderated
    toward limited elevated MUCAPE below 500 J/kg...becoming more of
    an Atmospheric River with prolonged moderate rates with 24hr totals
    of 1-2" across the length of the stream with scattered localized
    maxima of 2-3". To be expected, much like the day 2 period, there
    remains a latitudinal spread to the placement of the AR stream and
    the width of the inherited Marginal Risk reflects this. However, at this
    point, FFG exceedance will be more likely in the longer duration=20
    of 6, 12 and 24hr exceedance, with any flash flooding potential=20
    most likely upstream across LA/S AL, where multiple days of=20
    rainfall should saturate the upper soil profiles and FFG values may
    be much lower than currently analyzed.=20

    Gallina


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_A73ikp8wCmcfdzcPjvp_Bto-2mo1p_4ePVWcILq5Fuc= 0KEV9HNr6-5fA-BpxGocu69h1_gogHa9HAk5nDC3PIuP4LE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_A73ikp8wCmcfdzcPjvp_Bto-2mo1p_4ePVWcILq5Fuc= 0KEV9HNr6-5fA-BpxGocu69h1_gogHa9HAk5nDC3lMpAH2E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_A73ikp8wCmcfdzcPjvp_Bto-2mo1p_4ePVWcILq5Fuc= 0KEV9HNr6-5fA-BpxGocu69h1_gogHa9HAk5nDC38YcaNfE$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 3 11:39:03 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 031138
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    638 AM EST Wed Dec 3 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    CIRA LPW shows the slug of enhanced moisture along the central
    Mexican Gulf coast starting to lift northward through the western
    Gulf jet under response from the digging mid-level shortwave across
    the Four Corners of the Southwest U.S. Twenty to 30kts of southerly
    low level flow will advect the moisture north, bring the surface
    front toward the central Texas coast through late afternoon into
    the evening; CAPE values will rise into the 2000-3000 J/kg range.
    As night-falls, stronger isentropic ascent will increase through
    depth as the upper-level southwesterly jet stream flow expands and
    strengthens providing the solid ascent plane for sufficient
    moisture convergence with total PWats over 2" for expanding region
    of elevated thunderstorm activity across the central and upper
    Texas Coast.

    Northward expansion remains the greatest uncertainty but overall
    00z CAMs continue denoting solid rainfall rate potential mainly
    along and south of the I-10 corridor with cell motions being slow
    but also slightly veering to more easterly with solid back-building
    potential to allow for some repeating training. HREF probability
    driven by the 00z CAMs, still suggest best signals will remain
    off-shore but there was also a slight northeastward trend in some
    of the convective elements into southwest to south-central LA with
    streaks of 2-3" totals. This will retain the solid Marginal Risk
    (5-15% coverage) of FFG exceedance with isolated rapid inundation
    flooding possible.

    Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity should be
    ongoing start of the forecast period (04.12z) across the central
    Gulf coast. Steering flow will continue to flatten within fairly
    unidirectional west-southwesterly deep layer flow. Right entrance
    ascent to 150-170kt jet centered over the Ohio Valley will keep
    isentropic moisture flux across the surface front that will
    oriented along and south of the coast. A weak mid-level shortwave
    will slide from west to east along the southern periphery of the
    jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-southwesterly 850mb flow
    which given 1.75-2" total PWats and modestly unstable ribbon (up to
    1000 J/kg) and should maintain the elevated convective
    development. Internal training of back-building convective elements
    should be the greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across
    the Bayous of south-central LA. A slow eastward propagation of the
    SSW- NNE oriented line will occur with the translation of the flat
    shortwave energy and potentially expand into coastal MS/AL and
    perhaps as far as western FL Panhandle by the end of the forecast
    period.

    There remains some north/south spread in placement of heaviest
    rainfall cores/training corridor. The GFS continues a traditional
    northward bias along with the NAM relative to the ECMWF and other
    global guidance; with some suggestion of overall totals in excess
    of 5" in spots. Hi-Res CAMs generally trend toward the southern
    solutions with heaviest rainfall along and south of I-10, which
    appears more plausible given the overall flow orientation (unstable
    air upstream over the waters). Still, there is some solid
    suggestion of rainfall rates/totals and environmental conditions
    that may warrant an upgrade to a Slight Risk, however, the split in
    placement and wider overall total rainfall total spread continues
    to be too great to delineate one at this time, but will continue to
    evaluate with future updates. As such, the broad Marginal from
    Galveston Bay to the Pensacola area of FL remains, though have
    broadened it slightly northward to account for the latitudinal
    variance.

    Gallina


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST THROUGH CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    The deep layer unidirectional west-southwesterly flow regime will
    remain in place for the day 3 period as well. The subtle, flat
    mid-level shortwave feature will be translating quickly across the
    South, through the Carolinas and offshore. The connection to the
    western Gulf moisture pool/theta-E source will continue to further
    narrow and stretch through an elongated isentropic ascent plane in
    the wake of the wave draped across SC, central GA toward the
    central Gulf coast. By this time period, the ascent across the
    front will be fairly oblique and lapse rates will have moderated
    toward limited elevated MUCAPE below 500 J/kg...becoming more of
    an Atmospheric River with prolonged moderate rates with 24hr totals
    of 1-2" across the length of the stream with scattered localized
    maxima of 2-3". To be expected, much like the day 2 period, there
    remains a latitudinal spread to the placement of the AR stream and
    the width of the inherited Marginal Risk reflects this. However, at this
    point, FFG exceedance will be more likely in the longer duration
    of 6, 12 and 24hr exceedance, with any flash flooding potential
    most likely upstream across LA/S AL, where multiple days of
    rainfall should saturate the upper soil profiles and FFG values may
    be much lower than currently analyzed.

    Gallina


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!96irhSGHLDF_mZRfA5c-Vxw5n-FxORJ_3h_oJ06WlBX8= QO7SwtFiXaXaduCvyXuy1x2PzPu8WY_OogSJZ8mzQUbvi18$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!96irhSGHLDF_mZRfA5c-Vxw5n-FxORJ_3h_oJ06WlBX8= QO7SwtFiXaXaduCvyXuy1x2PzPu8WY_OogSJZ8mzOCpOf-E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!96irhSGHLDF_mZRfA5c-Vxw5n-FxORJ_3h_oJ06WlBX8= QO7SwtFiXaXaduCvyXuy1x2PzPu8WY_OogSJZ8mzfkTpMq4$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 3 16:00:53 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 031600
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1100 AM EST Wed Dec 3 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...16Z update...

    A notable mid-level dry layer observed on this morning's OSPO ALPW
    imagery will moisten up over the next 24 hours as winds in the=20
    lower/middle levels back in advance of an approaching mid-level=20
    trough currently over the Southwest. Since the surface front is=20
    forecast to barely edge inland along the middle/upper Texas coast,=20
    most parcels within the outlook area will be elevated. Recent RAP=20
    guidance supports a plume of 500-1500 J/kg MUCAPE moving northward=20
    across the middle Texas coast into eastern Texas, western and=20
    central Louisiana. WSW steering flow is expected to allow training=20
    of showers/thunderstorms along elevated axes of convergence=20
    aligned with the mean flow supporting training and repeating of=20
    heavy rain.

    The 12Z HREF and 06Z REFS support 12 hour maxima of 3-5 inches
    (ending 12Z Thursday) from the upper Texas coast into southwestern
    Louisiana with probabilities for 3 inches from the HREF at 50-60=20
    percent and 70-80+ percent from the REFS. Peak hourly rainfall of 2
    to 3 inches appears likely, although 3+ inch hourly totals cannot=20
    be completely ruled out near the coast. Minor edits were made to=20
    the existing Marginal Risk area for this update.

    Otto

    ...previous discussion follows...


    CIRA LPW shows the slug of enhanced moisture along the central
    Mexican Gulf coast starting to lift northward through the western
    Gulf jet under response from the digging mid-level shortwave across
    the Four Corners of the Southwest U.S. Twenty to 30kts of southerly
    low level flow will advect the moisture north, bring the surface
    front toward the central Texas coast through late afternoon into
    the evening; CAPE values will rise into the 2000-3000 J/kg range.
    As night-falls, stronger isentropic ascent will increase through
    depth as the upper-level southwesterly jet stream flow expands and
    strengthens providing the solid ascent plane for sufficient
    moisture convergence with total PWats over 2" for expanding region
    of elevated thunderstorm activity across the central and upper
    Texas Coast.

    Northward expansion remains the greatest uncertainty but overall
    00z CAMs continue denoting solid rainfall rate potential mainly
    along and south of the I-10 corridor with cell motions being slow
    but also slightly veering to more easterly with solid back-building
    potential to allow for some repeating training. HREF probability
    driven by the 00z CAMs, still suggest best signals will remain
    off-shore but there was also a slight northeastward trend in some
    of the convective elements into southwest to south-central LA with
    streaks of 2-3" totals. This will retain the solid Marginal Risk
    (5-15% coverage) of FFG exceedance with isolated rapid inundation
    flooding possible.

    Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity should be
    ongoing start of the forecast period (04.12z) across the central
    Gulf coast. Steering flow will continue to flatten within fairly
    unidirectional west-southwesterly deep layer flow. Right entrance
    ascent to 150-170kt jet centered over the Ohio Valley will keep
    isentropic moisture flux across the surface front that will
    oriented along and south of the coast. A weak mid-level shortwave
    will slide from west to east along the southern periphery of the
    jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-southwesterly 850mb flow
    which given 1.75-2" total PWats and modestly unstable ribbon (up to
    1000 J/kg) and should maintain the elevated convective
    development. Internal training of back-building convective elements
    should be the greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across
    the Bayous of south-central LA. A slow eastward propagation of the
    SSW- NNE oriented line will occur with the translation of the flat
    shortwave energy and potentially expand into coastal MS/AL and
    perhaps as far as western FL Panhandle by the end of the forecast
    period.

    There remains some north/south spread in placement of heaviest
    rainfall cores/training corridor. The GFS continues a traditional
    northward bias along with the NAM relative to the ECMWF and other
    global guidance; with some suggestion of overall totals in excess
    of 5" in spots. Hi-Res CAMs generally trend toward the southern
    solutions with heaviest rainfall along and south of I-10, which
    appears more plausible given the overall flow orientation (unstable
    air upstream over the waters). Still, there is some solid
    suggestion of rainfall rates/totals and environmental conditions
    that may warrant an upgrade to a Slight Risk, however, the split in
    placement and wider overall total rainfall total spread continues
    to be too great to delineate one at this time, but will continue to
    evaluate with future updates. As such, the broad Marginal from
    Galveston Bay to the Pensacola area of FL remains, though have
    broadened it slightly northward to account for the latitudinal
    variance.

    Gallina


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST THROUGH CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    The deep layer unidirectional west-southwesterly flow regime will
    remain in place for the day 3 period as well. The subtle, flat
    mid-level shortwave feature will be translating quickly across the
    South, through the Carolinas and offshore. The connection to the
    western Gulf moisture pool/theta-E source will continue to further
    narrow and stretch through an elongated isentropic ascent plane in
    the wake of the wave draped across SC, central GA toward the
    central Gulf coast. By this time period, the ascent across the
    front will be fairly oblique and lapse rates will have moderated
    toward limited elevated MUCAPE below 500 J/kg...becoming more of
    an Atmospheric River with prolonged moderate rates with 24hr totals
    of 1-2" across the length of the stream with scattered localized
    maxima of 2-3". To be expected, much like the day 2 period, there
    remains a latitudinal spread to the placement of the AR stream and
    the width of the inherited Marginal Risk reflects this. However, at this
    point, FFG exceedance will be more likely in the longer duration
    of 6, 12 and 24hr exceedance, with any flash flooding potential
    most likely upstream across LA/S AL, where multiple days of
    rainfall should saturate the upper soil profiles and FFG values may
    be much lower than currently analyzed.

    Gallina


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4uEpngNdmkAsVs3XbjJF1IXUN604SCNaGB-vkhF2aOet= WRO1HgiTS3MAkDB7n8aYm2jGpT3iQJQFX2CZdJ3YogcwOFA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4uEpngNdmkAsVs3XbjJF1IXUN604SCNaGB-vkhF2aOet= WRO1HgiTS3MAkDB7n8aYm2jGpT3iQJQFX2CZdJ3YQOWQbmk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4uEpngNdmkAsVs3XbjJF1IXUN604SCNaGB-vkhF2aOet= WRO1HgiTS3MAkDB7n8aYm2jGpT3iQJQFX2CZdJ3YxmV2GJk$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 3 19:57:44 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 031957
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    257 PM EST Wed Dec 3 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Dec 03 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...16Z update...

    A notable mid-level dry layer observed on this morning's OSPO ALPW
    imagery will moisten up over the next 24 hours as winds in the
    lower/middle levels back in advance of an approaching mid-level
    trough currently over the Southwest. Since the surface front is
    forecast to barely edge inland along the middle/upper Texas coast,
    most parcels within the outlook area will be elevated. Recent RAP
    guidance supports a plume of 500-1500 J/kg MUCAPE moving northward
    across the middle Texas coast into eastern Texas, western and
    central Louisiana. WSW steering flow is expected to allow training
    of showers/thunderstorms along elevated axes of convergence
    aligned with the mean flow supporting training and repeating of
    heavy rain.

    The 12Z HREF and 06Z REFS support 12 hour maxima of 3-5 inches
    (ending 12Z Thursday) from the upper Texas coast into southwestern
    Louisiana with probabilities for 3 inches from the HREF at 50-60
    percent and 70-80+ percent from the REFS. Peak hourly rainfall of 2
    to 3 inches appears likely, although 3+ inch hourly totals cannot
    be completely ruled out near the coast. Minor edits were made to
    the existing Marginal Risk area for this update.

    Otto

    ...previous discussion follows...


    CIRA LPW shows the slug of enhanced moisture along the central
    Mexican Gulf coast starting to lift northward through the western
    Gulf jet under response from the digging mid-level shortwave across
    the Four Corners of the Southwest U.S. Twenty to 30kts of southerly
    low level flow will advect the moisture north, bring the surface
    front toward the central Texas coast through late afternoon into
    the evening; CAPE values will rise into the 2000-3000 J/kg range.
    As night-falls, stronger isentropic ascent will increase through
    depth as the upper-level southwesterly jet stream flow expands and
    strengthens providing the solid ascent plane for sufficient
    moisture convergence with total PWats over 2" for expanding region
    of elevated thunderstorm activity across the central and upper
    Texas Coast.

    Northward expansion remains the greatest uncertainty but overall
    00z CAMs continue denoting solid rainfall rate potential mainly
    along and south of the I-10 corridor with cell motions being slow
    but also slightly veering to more easterly with solid back-building
    potential to allow for some repeating training. HREF probability
    driven by the 00z CAMs, still suggest best signals will remain
    off-shore but there was also a slight northeastward trend in some
    of the convective elements into southwest to south-central LA with
    streaks of 2-3" totals. This will retain the solid Marginal Risk
    (5-15% coverage) of FFG exceedance with isolated rapid inundation
    flooding possible.

    Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    20Z Update...
    Made some small adjustments based on the 12Z HREF/RRFS=20
    probabilities, the 12Z RRFS Mean, and recent deterministic RRFS=20
    runs. With the HREF/RRFS guidance showing the heaviest amounts=20
    remaining more confined to the coast, pulled the Marginal Risk a=20
    little bit further south and west with this update. While the=20
    footprint for heavy amounts may not be as broad, the previously=20
    noted HREF and RRFS guidance continue to indicate heavy amounts (3+
    inches) are likely within the highlighted area, with the greatest=20
    threat centered along the southwest Louisiana coast.

    Pereira

    Previous Discussion...
    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity should be=20
    ongoing start of the forecast period (04.12z) across the central=20
    Gulf coast. Steering flow will continue to flatten within fairly=20 unidirectional west-southwesterly deep layer flow. Right entrance=20
    ascent to 150-170kt jet centered over the Ohio Valley will keep=20
    isentropic moisture flux across the surface front that will=20
    oriented along and south of the coast. A weak mid-level shortwave=20
    will slide from west to east along the southern periphery of the=20
    jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-southwesterly 850mb flow=20
    which given 1.75-2" total PWats and modestly unstable ribbon (up to
    1000 J/kg) and should maintain the elevated convective=20
    development. Internal training of back-building convective elements
    should be the greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across
    the Bayous of south-central LA. A slow eastward propagation of the
    SSW- NNE oriented line will occur with the translation of the flat
    shortwave energy and potentially expand into coastal MS/AL and=20
    perhaps as far as western FL Panhandle by the end of the forecast=20
    period.

    There remains some north/south spread in placement of heaviest
    rainfall cores/training corridor. The GFS continues a traditional
    northward bias along with the NAM relative to the ECMWF and other
    global guidance; with some suggestion of overall totals in excess
    of 5" in spots. Hi-Res CAMs generally trend toward the southern
    solutions with heaviest rainfall along and south of I-10, which
    appears more plausible given the overall flow orientation (unstable
    air upstream over the waters). Still, there is some solid
    suggestion of rainfall rates/totals and environmental conditions
    that may warrant an upgrade to a Slight Risk, however, the split in
    placement and wider overall total rainfall total spread continues
    to be too great to delineate one at this time, but will continue to
    evaluate with future updates. As such, the broad Marginal from
    Galveston Bay to the Pensacola area of FL remains, though have
    broadened it slightly northward to account for the latitudinal
    variance.

    Gallina


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST THROUGH CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    20Z Update...
    Made only minor adjustments based on the 12Z guidance.

    Pereira

    Previous discussion...
    The deep layer unidirectional west-southwesterly flow regime will=20
    remain in place for the day 3 period as well. The subtle, flat mid-
    level shortwave feature will be translating quickly across the=20
    South, through the Carolinas and offshore. The connection to the=20
    western Gulf moisture pool/theta-E source will continue to further=20
    narrow and stretch through an elongated isentropic ascent plane in=20
    the wake of the wave draped across SC, central GA toward the=20
    central Gulf coast. By this time period, the ascent across the=20
    front will be fairly oblique and lapse rates will have moderated=20
    toward limited elevated MUCAPE below 500 J/kg...becoming more of an
    Atmospheric River with prolonged moderate rates with 24hr totals=20
    of 1-2" across the length of the stream with scattered localized=20
    maxima of 2-3". To be expected, much like the day 2 period, there=20
    remains a latitudinal spread to the placement of the AR stream and=20
    the width of the inherited Marginal Risk reflects this. However, at
    this point, FFG exceedance will be more likely in the longer=20
    duration of 6, 12 and 24hr exceedance, with any flash flooding=20
    potential most likely upstream across LA/S AL, where multiple days=20
    of rainfall should saturate the upper soil profiles and FFG values=20
    may be much lower than currently analyzed.

    Gallina


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8c_KQFoDBPEoIDDmiNh2rMlW6mXBlutM_vHYAwBN47QC= iPKVt1ho6kn74odDeVTvlbCf64TxClXxdsjb0yoJ88ANgWI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8c_KQFoDBPEoIDDmiNh2rMlW6mXBlutM_vHYAwBN47QC= iPKVt1ho6kn74odDeVTvlbCf64TxClXxdsjb0yoJKPwyZJU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8c_KQFoDBPEoIDDmiNh2rMlW6mXBlutM_vHYAwBN47QC= iPKVt1ho6kn74odDeVTvlbCf64TxClXxdsjb0yoJJFjP2oo$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 4 01:05:15 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 040105
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    805 PM EST Wed Dec 3 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...0100 UTC Update...
    Trimmed the Marginal Outlook on both sides (esp. west) based on the
    latest guidance trends, including recent HRRR runs and recent (18Z)
    HREF rainfall exceedance probabilities. The outlook now extends
    from the Upper TX coast into southwest and south-central LA.
    Surface-based instability will be non-existent as the upper level=20
    jet streak across North TX into the Ozarks, with the ensuing=20
    right-entrance upper level forcing (northerly low-lvel ageos flow),
    keeps the surface warm front offshore. Uptick in 850 mb flow=20
    however along with PWs climbing to around 2" will bring a bubble of
    elevated CAPE to the coastal areas between the Upper TX Coast and=20 south-central LA -- a fairly tight gradient between ~500 J/Kg=20
    inland and ~1500 J/Kg along the coast.=20

    Much of the outlook area is in at least a D1 drought, so to no
    surprise the FFGs are quite high (2-3"/hr and 3-4" in 3hrs). Based
    on the latest HREF 1/3/6 exceedance probabilities, the outlook area
    was pared a bit. Either way, it appears to be a low-end Marginal,
    with neighborhood probabilities of flash inundation closer to 5%,
    and mostly over urban and flood-prone areas.=20

    Hurley


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    20Z Update...
    Made some small adjustments based on the 12Z HREF/RRFS
    probabilities, the 12Z RRFS Mean, and recent deterministic RRFS
    runs. With the HREF/RRFS guidance showing the heaviest amounts
    remaining more confined to the coast, pulled the Marginal Risk a
    little bit further south and west with this update. While the
    footprint for heavy amounts may not be as broad, the previously
    noted HREF and RRFS guidance continue to indicate heavy amounts (3+
    inches) are likely within the highlighted area, with the greatest
    threat centered along the southwest Louisiana coast.

    Pereira

    Previous Discussion...
    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity should be
    ongoing start of the forecast period (04.12z) across the central
    Gulf coast. Steering flow will continue to flatten within fairly
    unidirectional west-southwesterly deep layer flow. Right entrance
    ascent to 150-170kt jet centered over the Ohio Valley will keep
    isentropic moisture flux across the surface front that will
    oriented along and south of the coast. A weak mid-level shortwave
    will slide from west to east along the southern periphery of the
    jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-southwesterly 850mb flow
    which given 1.75-2" total PWats and modestly unstable ribbon (up to
    1000 J/kg) and should maintain the elevated convective
    development. Internal training of back-building convective elements
    should be the greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across
    the Bayous of south-central LA. A slow eastward propagation of the
    SSW- NNE oriented line will occur with the translation of the flat
    shortwave energy and potentially expand into coastal MS/AL and
    perhaps as far as western FL Panhandle by the end of the forecast
    period.

    There remains some north/south spread in placement of heaviest
    rainfall cores/training corridor. The GFS continues a traditional
    northward bias along with the NAM relative to the ECMWF and other
    global guidance; with some suggestion of overall totals in excess
    of 5" in spots. Hi-Res CAMs generally trend toward the southern
    solutions with heaviest rainfall along and south of I-10, which
    appears more plausible given the overall flow orientation (unstable
    air upstream over the waters). Still, there is some solid
    suggestion of rainfall rates/totals and environmental conditions
    that may warrant an upgrade to a Slight Risk, however, the split in
    placement and wider overall total rainfall total spread continues
    to be too great to delineate one at this time, but will continue to
    evaluate with future updates. As such, the broad Marginal from
    Galveston Bay to the Pensacola area of FL remains, though have
    broadened it slightly northward to account for the latitudinal
    variance.

    Gallina


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST THROUGH CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    20Z Update...
    Made only minor adjustments based on the 12Z guidance.

    Pereira

    Previous discussion...
    The deep layer unidirectional west-southwesterly flow regime will
    remain in place for the day 3 period as well. The subtle, flat mid-
    level shortwave feature will be translating quickly across the
    South, through the Carolinas and offshore. The connection to the
    western Gulf moisture pool/theta-E source will continue to further
    narrow and stretch through an elongated isentropic ascent plane in
    the wake of the wave draped across SC, central GA toward the
    central Gulf coast. By this time period, the ascent across the
    front will be fairly oblique and lapse rates will have moderated
    toward limited elevated MUCAPE below 500 J/kg...becoming more of an
    Atmospheric River with prolonged moderate rates with 24hr totals
    of 1-2" across the length of the stream with scattered localized
    maxima of 2-3". To be expected, much like the day 2 period, there
    remains a latitudinal spread to the placement of the AR stream and
    the width of the inherited Marginal Risk reflects this. However, at
    this point, FFG exceedance will be more likely in the longer
    duration of 6, 12 and 24hr exceedance, with any flash flooding
    potential most likely upstream across LA/S AL, where multiple days
    of rainfall should saturate the upper soil profiles and FFG values
    may be much lower than currently analyzed.

    Gallina


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4L5t_LkqZAE2Tg9RtPh-Z8wFgCeYyBFq1kR8lR36Yt4r= TuHknIm2wlUtu-QV7NZAoT3UKEI6Rxnv0fvtQG6aQUoxnWE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4L5t_LkqZAE2Tg9RtPh-Z8wFgCeYyBFq1kR8lR36Yt4r= TuHknIm2wlUtu-QV7NZAoT3UKEI6Rxnv0fvtQG6a9xeLk7E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4L5t_LkqZAE2Tg9RtPh-Z8wFgCeYyBFq1kR8lR36Yt4r= TuHknIm2wlUtu-QV7NZAoT3UKEI6Rxnv0fvtQG6aWjuVRtA$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 4 08:25:33 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 040825
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    325 AM EST Thu Dec 4 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity is ongoing this
    morning across portions of the central Gulf Coast with localized
    hourly totals topping out near an inch or so (per MRMS estimates).
    Right entrance ascent to 150-170 kt jet centered over the Ohio=20
    Valley will keep isentropic moisture flux across the surface front=20
    that will remain oriented along and south of the coast. A weak=20
    mid-level shortwave will slide from west to east along the=20
    southern periphery of the jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-=20 southwesterly 850mb flow which given ~1.75" PWs and the potential
    for lingering marginal instability (MU CAPE up to 1000 J/kg now,
    but forecast to decrease below 500 J/kg later this morning) may=20
    maintain elevated convective development into midday. Internal=20
    training of back-building convective elements will present the
    greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across the Bayous of south-central LA.=20

    Hi-Res CAMs are in general good agreement with the heaviest=20
    rainfall along and south of I-10 (where 3" exceedance probs from
    both the 00z HREF and experimental REFS are contained). Little
    change in the inherited MRGL risk, which will likely be pulled
    around midday as convective activity wraps up.=20

    Churchill/Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.=20

    Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST THROUGH NORTHERN FLORIDA/SOUTHERN GEORGIA
    AND FAR SOUTHERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become
    convectively active by Day 3 (particularly late Saturday night into
    Sunday morning) with the potential for localized training along the
    boundary with nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained
    an inherited MRGL risk with instability being the primary limiting
    factor, but both global ensembles (GEFS and ECENS) suggest decent
    odds of 2" exceedance (which may translate to localized totals as=20
    high as 3-4" with the addition of CAMs in the coming days).=20

    Churchill


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!71tzcbxQlFrtmZTclqJX6DsLJOE9BIRgDqMsU8JY-KRk= 6jSWrUspdgxnvgX9q4rrlRxO5D3Y-PAivZeIluuC1WaJtZY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!71tzcbxQlFrtmZTclqJX6DsLJOE9BIRgDqMsU8JY-KRk= 6jSWrUspdgxnvgX9q4rrlRxO5D3Y-PAivZeIluuCMWeaYWI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!71tzcbxQlFrtmZTclqJX6DsLJOE9BIRgDqMsU8JY-KRk= 6jSWrUspdgxnvgX9q4rrlRxO5D3Y-PAivZeIluuCGBuL8Yc$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 4 15:32:01 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 041531
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1031 AM EST Thu Dec 4 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast philosophy is generally on track. Latest
    CAMs/12Z guidance and observations depict redevelopment of deep
    convection over far northwestern open waters of the Gulf that will
    stream northeastward into southern Louisiana through much of the
    day today. Some of these showers/storms will occur over/near areas
    that have experienced 1.5-4 inches of rain so far today, with
    isolated instances of excessive runoff remaining possible. 1.75+ PW
    values remain in place along the Louisiana coast today and upstream
    mid-level shortwave troughs will migrate through the region from
    Texas - both supporting locally heavy rainfall through the evening
    hours. Given the latest observations and model guidance, the
    Marginal Risk area has been maintained for this update with minor=20
    spatial edits.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity is ongoing this
    morning across portions of the central Gulf Coast with localized
    hourly totals topping out near an inch or so (per MRMS estimates).
    Right entrance ascent to 150-170 kt jet centered over the Ohio
    Valley will keep isentropic moisture flux across the surface front
    that will remain oriented along and south of the coast. A weak
    mid-level shortwave will slide from west to east along the
    southern periphery of the jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-
    southwesterly 850mb flow which given ~1.75" PWs and the potential
    for lingering marginal instability (MU CAPE up to 1000 J/kg now,
    but forecast to decrease below 500 J/kg later this morning) may
    maintain elevated convective development into midday. Internal
    training of back-building convective elements will present the
    greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across the Bayous of south-central LA.

    Hi-Res CAMs are in general good agreement with the heaviest
    rainfall along and south of I-10 (where 3" exceedance probs from
    both the 00z HREF and experimental REFS are contained). Little
    change in the inherited MRGL risk, which will likely be pulled
    around midday as convective activity wraps up.

    Churchill/Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST THROUGH NORTHERN FLORIDA/SOUTHERN GEORGIA
    AND FAR SOUTHERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become
    convectively active by Day 3 (particularly late Saturday night into
    Sunday morning) with the potential for localized training along the
    boundary with nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained
    an inherited MRGL risk with instability being the primary limiting
    factor, but both global ensembles (GEFS and ECENS) suggest decent
    odds of 2" exceedance (which may translate to localized totals as
    high as 3-4" with the addition of CAMs in the coming days).

    Churchill


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gXZaErl6nfud4BS4pTadBLz26JOwhR9Uhnf17K_jBnD= pCmp9v4cetV-rJKY8rebPIJHQZjwJeVROvqIKlaSLF7Bmb4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gXZaErl6nfud4BS4pTadBLz26JOwhR9Uhnf17K_jBnD= pCmp9v4cetV-rJKY8rebPIJHQZjwJeVROvqIKlaSp96dM8M$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gXZaErl6nfud4BS4pTadBLz26JOwhR9Uhnf17K_jBnD= pCmp9v4cetV-rJKY8rebPIJHQZjwJeVROvqIKlaSmNqnJfQ$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 4 20:08:26 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 042008
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    308 PM EST Thu Dec 4 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Dec 04 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    ...16Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast philosophy is generally on track. Latest
    CAMs/12Z guidance and observations depict redevelopment of deep
    convection over far northwestern open waters of the Gulf that will
    stream northeastward into southern Louisiana through much of the
    day today. Some of these showers/storms will occur over/near areas
    that have experienced 1.5-4 inches of rain so far today, with
    isolated instances of excessive runoff remaining possible. 1.75+ PW
    values remain in place along the Louisiana coast today and upstream
    mid-level shortwave troughs will migrate through the region from
    Texas - both supporting locally heavy rainfall through the evening
    hours. Given the latest observations and model guidance, the
    Marginal Risk area has been maintained for this update with minor
    spatial edits.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    Upglide/warm-advective elevated convective activity is ongoing this
    morning across portions of the central Gulf Coast with localized
    hourly totals topping out near an inch or so (per MRMS estimates).
    Right entrance ascent to 150-170 kt jet centered over the Ohio
    Valley will keep isentropic moisture flux across the surface front
    that will remain oriented along and south of the coast. A weak
    mid-level shortwave will slide from west to east along the
    southern periphery of the jet streak maintaining 20-25kt of west-
    southwesterly 850mb flow which given ~1.75" PWs and the potential
    for lingering marginal instability (MU CAPE up to 1000 J/kg now,
    but forecast to decrease below 500 J/kg later this morning) may
    maintain elevated convective development into midday. Internal
    training of back-building convective elements will present the
    greatest potential for higher rainfall totals across the Bayous of south-central LA.

    Hi-Res CAMs are in general good agreement with the heaviest
    rainfall along and south of I-10 (where 3" exceedance probs from
    both the 00z HREF and experimental REFS are contained). Little
    change in the inherited MRGL risk, which will likely be pulled
    around midday as convective activity wraps up.

    Churchill/Gallina


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hurley


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The low-end Marginal Risk that was in effect across parts of the
    Southeast (North FL and Panhandle, southern AL-GA, southern SC) has
    been removed. Model QPFs from the 12Z have trended lower, while
    also still showing latitudinal spread with the axis of max totals.
    All of the rainfall is post-frontal, so any available instability
    would be elevated, and even then there's not much per the guidance
    (<500 J/Kg). Probability Match Mean (PMM) of 12Z global guidance is
    generally 0.75-1.00" in 24hrs, which is actually lower than the 17Z
    NBM.=20

    Given the latest areal-average deterministic QPF (again ~0.75-1.00
    in the 24hr period from 12Z Sat to 12Z sun 4hrs), along with the=20
    fact that much of the Southeast is between a D2-D4 drought with 3=20
    hourly FFGs between 2.5-3", probabilities of even getting close to=20
    those values are quite low -- certainly sufficiently low to remove
    the Marginal.

    Hurley

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4i0wLbdFp56sPQD_9Qd3NCNKp2geXzKufvZygLsAPYDS= 2vLjGZZQLBbzMIqG22xZM0zbnsahvuZEo_GubevuBVJdiTY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4i0wLbdFp56sPQD_9Qd3NCNKp2geXzKufvZygLsAPYDS= 2vLjGZZQLBbzMIqG22xZM0zbnsahvuZEo_Gubevu68aJhfI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4i0wLbdFp56sPQD_9Qd3NCNKp2geXzKufvZygLsAPYDS= 2vLjGZZQLBbzMIqG22xZM0zbnsahvuZEo_GubevunbdKN5s$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 5 00:49:44 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 050049
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    749 PM EST Thu Dec 4 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hurley


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Hurley


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The low-end Marginal Risk that was in effect across parts of the
    Southeast (North FL and Panhandle, southern AL-GA, southern SC) has
    been removed. Model QPFs from the 12Z have trended lower, while
    also still showing latitudinal spread with the axis of max totals.
    All of the rainfall is post-frontal, so any available instability
    would be elevated, and even then there's not much per the guidance
    (<500 J/Kg). Probability Match Mean (PMM) of 12Z global guidance is
    generally 0.75-1.00" in 24hrs, which is actually lower than the 17Z
    NBM.

    Given the latest areal-average deterministic QPF (again ~0.75-1.00
    in the 24hr period from 12Z Sat to 12Z sun 4hrs), along with the
    fact that much of the Southeast is between a D2-D4 drought with 3
    hourly FFGs between 2.5-3", probabilities of even getting close to
    those values are quite low -- certainly sufficiently low to remove
    the Marginal.

    Hurley

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4ZCVqVMUF-sSdZPoiP-4-h9YdmnMOcjAEiaQCxRgg9nK= vzqQgafmqaGh2EnMFhzXipgeknGcpbbVrUY9YWNoCplutnA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4ZCVqVMUF-sSdZPoiP-4-h9YdmnMOcjAEiaQCxRgg9nK= vzqQgafmqaGh2EnMFhzXipgeknGcpbbVrUY9YWNo45_otGc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4ZCVqVMUF-sSdZPoiP-4-h9YdmnMOcjAEiaQCxRgg9nK= vzqQgafmqaGh2EnMFhzXipgeknGcpbbVrUY9YWNozAUP-sk$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 5 07:24:42 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 050724
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    224 AM EST Fri Dec 5 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Churchill


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Churchill


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE/NORTHERN PENINSULA INTO SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become=20 convectively active by Day 3, though uncertainty remains high as
    instability still looks to be the main limiting factor. While many
    models indicate unproblematic rainfall totals, other models (the=20
    00z GFS in particular) depict the potential for localized training
    of convective cells along the front with heavy rainfall within
    nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained an inherited
    MRGL risk for now with localized flash flooding possible should 3"+
    totals occur over a short period in a relatively sensitive area.=20

    Churchill


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_PQ0yiCjEwdE28VsIVdJY3PfJ52sNUNN3IuLRe2eAXOF= r5-DuUsyO2foVEWmjIwpqZE3JGPoyTjfLWwncwPyTPdG4nY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_PQ0yiCjEwdE28VsIVdJY3PfJ52sNUNN3IuLRe2eAXOF= r5-DuUsyO2foVEWmjIwpqZE3JGPoyTjfLWwncwPyIyxd5SY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_PQ0yiCjEwdE28VsIVdJY3PfJ52sNUNN3IuLRe2eAXOF= r5-DuUsyO2foVEWmjIwpqZE3JGPoyTjfLWwncwPyPukZDiU$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 5 15:05:06 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 051504
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1004 AM EST Fri Dec 5 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is lessthan 5 pe= rcent.

    Cook/Churchill

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is lessthan 5 pe= rcent.

    Churchill

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OFTHE FLORID=
    A PANHANDLE/NORTHERN PENINSULA INTO SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become
    convectively active by Day 3, though uncertainty remains high as
    instability still looks to be the main limiting factor. While=20
    manymodels indicate unproblematic rainfall totals, other models=20
    (the 00z GFS in particular) depict the potential for localized=20
    trainingof convective cells along the front with heavy rainfall=20
    within nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained an=20
    inherited MRGL risk for now with localized flash flooding possible
    should 3"+totals occur over a short period in a relatively=20
    sensitive area.=20

    Churchill

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4bAmPPlEUq7l2RDWNDtnxwTYaZW6PUewOXyA0A-TAq3N= tgbgn7-emMazbmaG0WDBIamxJjjYMmv0v5BNluSef2mZlHY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4bAmPPlEUq7l2RDWNDtnxwTYaZW6PUewOXyA0A-TAq3N= tgbgn7-emMazbmaG0WDBIamxJjjYMmv0v5BNluSercN7tYA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4bAmPPlEUq7l2RDWNDtnxwTYaZW6PUewOXyA0A-TAq3N= tgbgn7-emMazbmaG0WDBIamxJjjYMmv0v5BNluSeWdKK9II$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 5 20:01:18 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 052001
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    301 PM EST Fri Dec 5 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Dec 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Churchill

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Pereira

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE/NORTHERN PENINSULA INTO SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    20Z Update...
    The 12Z models still present plenty of uncertainty. In addition to
    limited instability, which may limit rates and the potential for=20
    short-term runoff concerns; those models that do signal some threat
    for flooding show notable north-south differences with their=20
    placement for heavy amounts. That said, the previous Marginal Risk=20
    generally covers the envelope of deterministic models that suggest=20
    there is some potential for at least isolated flash flooding. This=20
    includes the NAM, GFS, ECMWF, and the UKMet.

    Pereira

    Previous discussion...
    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become=20 convectively active by Day 3, though uncertainty remains high as=20
    instability still looks to be the main limiting factor. While=20
    many models indicate unproblematic rainfall totals, other models=20
    (the 00z GFS in particular) depict the potential for localized=20
    training of convective cells along the front with heavy rainfall=20
    within nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained an=20
    inherited MRGL risk for now with localized flash flooding possible=20
    should 3"+ totals occur over a short period in a relatively=20
    sensitive area.

    Churchill

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6toReeVhj4oI8cUINyHt3-a02TB9d3DJTw_ZgdVFmaI9= f08ggC4Q40y9sck4WmLx1-d375USGCYjT9Mx4h9PLn07qjI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6toReeVhj4oI8cUINyHt3-a02TB9d3DJTw_ZgdVFmaI9= f08ggC4Q40y9sck4WmLx1-d375USGCYjT9Mx4h9PDDtWRYY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6toReeVhj4oI8cUINyHt3-a02TB9d3DJTw_ZgdVFmaI9= f08ggC4Q40y9sck4WmLx1-d375USGCYjT9Mx4h9P8fFKU00$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 6 00:23:59 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 060023
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    723 PM EST Fri Dec 5 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Chenard

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Pereira

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE/NORTHERN PENINSULA INTO SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    20Z Update...
    The 12Z models still present plenty of uncertainty. In addition to
    limited instability, which may limit rates and the potential for
    short-term runoff concerns; those models that do signal some threat
    for flooding show notable north-south differences with their
    placement for heavy amounts. That said, the previous Marginal Risk
    generally covers the envelope of deterministic models that suggest
    there is some potential for at least isolated flash flooding. This
    includes the NAM, GFS, ECMWF, and the UKMet.

    Pereira

    Previous discussion...
    A quasi-stationary front draped near the FL Panhandle may become
    convectively active by Day 3, though uncertainty remains high as
    instability still looks to be the main limiting factor. While
    many models indicate unproblematic rainfall totals, other models
    (the 00z GFS in particular) depict the potential for localized
    training of convective cells along the front with heavy rainfall
    within nearly unidirectional westerly flow aloft. Maintained an
    inherited MRGL risk for now with localized flash flooding possible
    should 3"+ totals occur over a short period in a relatively
    sensitive area.

    Churchill

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WBU59QqD-oyBoPsurtESOATCth4D1mP1I5GsiHKjqve= PHBcRFlxCdMnYrwK7UsbP4oLCClZXkOeBRZhj-5RpYN_6MA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WBU59QqD-oyBoPsurtESOATCth4D1mP1I5GsiHKjqve= PHBcRFlxCdMnYrwK7UsbP4oLCClZXkOeBRZhj-5RHhXyeDM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WBU59QqD-oyBoPsurtESOATCth4D1mP1I5GsiHKjqve= PHBcRFlxCdMnYrwK7UsbP4oLCClZXkOeBRZhj-5RwMNv1n8$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 6 07:30:26 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 060730
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    230 AM EST Sat Dec 6 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The inherited Marginal Risk aligned roughly along the
    Florida/Georgia line was removed with this update. A stalled out
    front over the area will act as a focal point for a corridor of
    mostly light to moderate rain through the day Sunday. Instability
    will be near zero, so any convection will be brief. Fast storm
    motion along the front due to an approaching 130 kt jet will ensure
    that any elevated convection will be short-lived. Finally, soils in
    the area are well below normal. The dry soils in this area will
    support any light rain being soaked right into the soil. This too
    will temper any flooding threat. Due to all of the above factors,
    the flooding threat was determined to be less than 5 percent, with
    the highest risk in the Jacksonville urban area.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The first in a series of Pacific lows will move into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. The combination of multiple days
    of heavy rain as low after low moves into the coast will slowly
    increase the flooding threat in western Washington and western
    Oregon. The slow increase of the flooding threat is due to the
    area's general favorability for rainfall to quickly run off,
    resulting in a much higher threshold of heavy rain before there
    are flooding concerns. The trailing cold front south of a strong=20
    low that will move into British Columbia will be the focus for the=20
    heavy rain as abundant Pacific moisture slams into the coastal=20
    ranges and Cascades through the period. Soil moisture levels in=20
    this area are around normal for this time of year, but repeated=20
    days of heavy rain will cause the soils to saturate entirely. Thus,
    once the soils are saturated, all additional rainfall will convert
    to runoff very quickly. Moisture from the tropics will track=20
    northeast around the northwestern periphery of an expansive=20
    subtropical high off the California coast. This abundance of=20
    Pacific moisture from the tropics will support the elevated flash=20
    flooding threat over much of the upcoming workweek.

    Very few changes were needed to the inherited Marginal and Slight
    Risks. The Slight Risk area was trimmed away from Washington's
    mountains, as the dominant precipitation type at the higher
    elevations will be snow on Monday morning. Both risk areas were=20
    also expanded south across west- central Oregon due to small=20
    southward adjustments in much of the guidance supporting heavy rain
    extending further south in Oregon.=20

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9UdKfOHo3oRFroWkh3MD1FL_CmolFNPPBJjM5nNWWTHo= 38HYU3kkeYaYr87QBnYIXcbycxXVUGG-ocCYdKZgH8yutpM$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9UdKfOHo3oRFroWkh3MD1FL_CmolFNPPBJjM5nNWWTHo= 38HYU3kkeYaYr87QBnYIXcbycxXVUGG-ocCYdKZgHCZDhaw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9UdKfOHo3oRFroWkh3MD1FL_CmolFNPPBJjM5nNWWTHo= 38HYU3kkeYaYr87QBnYIXcbycxXVUGG-ocCYdKZg3FUBIGM$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 6 15:09:05 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 061508
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1008 AM EST Sat Dec 6 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    The inherited Marginal Risk aligned roughly along the
    Florida/Georgia line was removed with this update. A stalled out
    front over the area will act as a focal point for a corridor of
    mostly light to moderate rain through the day Sunday. Instability
    will be near zero, so any convection will be brief. Fast storm
    motion along the front due to an approaching 130 kt jet will ensure
    that any elevated convection will be short-lived. Finally, soils in
    the area are well below normal. The dry soils in this area will
    support any light rain being soaked right into the soil. This too
    will temper any flooding threat. Due to all of the above factors,
    the flooding threat was determined to be less than 5 percent, with
    the highest risk in the Jacksonville urban area.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The first in a series of Pacific lows will move into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. The combination of multiple days
    of heavy rain as low after low moves into the coast will slowly
    increase the flooding threat in western Washington and western
    Oregon. The slow increase of the flooding threat is due to the
    area's general favorability for rainfall to quickly run off,
    resulting in a much higher threshold of heavy rain before there
    are flooding concerns. The trailing cold front south of a strong
    low that will move into British Columbia will be the focus for the
    heavy rain as abundant Pacific moisture slams into the coastal
    ranges and Cascades through the period. Soil moisture levels in
    this area are around normal for this time of year, but repeated
    days of heavy rain will cause the soils to saturate entirely. Thus,
    once the soils are saturated, all additional rainfall will convert
    to runoff very quickly. Moisture from the tropics will track
    northeast around the northwestern periphery of an expansive
    subtropical high off the California coast. This abundance of
    Pacific moisture from the tropics will support the elevated flash
    flooding threat over much of the upcoming workweek.

    Very few changes were needed to the inherited Marginal and Slight
    Risks. The Slight Risk area was trimmed away from Washington's
    mountains, as the dominant precipitation type at the higher
    elevations will be snow on Monday morning. Both risk areas were
    also expanded south across west- central Oregon due to small
    southward adjustments in much of the guidance supporting heavy rain
    extending further south in Oregon.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5kyetVitQBsA2D2H-MaX7fOp0k5TW96XO-wuqHuMxoGn= waqIlrn6LuKPNdt1PbLTnc66RzsPdOGoyjyWSZN8K2kOrBE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5kyetVitQBsA2D2H-MaX7fOp0k5TW96XO-wuqHuMxoGn= waqIlrn6LuKPNdt1PbLTnc66RzsPdOGoyjyWSZN8PzTmlso$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5kyetVitQBsA2D2H-MaX7fOp0k5TW96XO-wuqHuMxoGn= waqIlrn6LuKPNdt1PbLTnc66RzsPdOGoyjyWSZN8fPuRHTc$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 6 19:47:40 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 061947
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    247 PM EST Sat Dec 6 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Dec 06 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The 06Z/12Z model guidance suggests a slightly more suppressed=20
    axis of greater IVT magnitudes impacting the Pacific Northwest on=20
    the front end of the upcoming atmospheric event for the region. The NAM/GFS/ECMWF solutions though still support very strong warm air=20
    advection with enhanced IVT magnitudes reaching 800 to 1000+ kg/m/s
    across the western WA and northwest OR coastal ranges with the=20
    first wave that arrives in the 12Z/08 to 00Z/09 time frame. As=20
    strong surface low pressure and associated shortwave/jet energy=20
    crashes into British Columbia, the southern flank of the attendant=20
    cold front will slow as it is crosses WA state and this should=20
    allow for a relatively longer persistence of greater IVT values=20
    across southern WA and northern OR going into the 00Z to 12Z/09=20
    time period.=20

    The deeper layer moisture fetch will have a trans-Pacific origin=20
    that extends down to just west of Hawaii, and satellite data would
    suggest a likelihood for tropical and subtropical moisture feeds=20
    into this atmospheric river event which will drive very efficient
    and high rainfall rates that may reach well into the 0.50" to
    1"/hour range near the periods of max IVT and deeper layer ascent. The
    coastal ranges in particular across southwest WA and northwest OR=20
    along with the west-facing slopes of the Cascades farther inland=20
    should see enhanced rainfall totals that reach as high as 4 to 6+=20
    inches which will heavily aided by deep layer orthogonal flow=20
    relative to the terrain.

    Given the subtle southward shift in the axis of greater IVT=20
    magnitudes and overall higher rainfall rates/totals for the=20
    northern parts of the Olympic Peninsula and the northern WA=20
    Cascades, the Slight Risk for this area was trimmed just a tad,
    with very little to no change elsewhere. This is consistent with=20
    the overall 06Z/12Z guidance QPF footprint. Regardless, the wet=20
    antecedent conditions and heavy rainfall totals are expected to=20
    drive concerns for locally enhanced areal and riverine flooding,=20
    with urban flooding also likely to become a concern. A threat for=20
    landslides will exist, especially toward the end of the period and
    thereafter as additional upstream atmospheric river=20
    activity/moisture transport arrives with more heavy rainfall.

    Orrison


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9aFOFjXyp5fO2yGDbmAc8SgvmIuD4o_8YXvCRfBrrsRc= Wnn6gPdSZxHnwDSD66SCcJaPG3_6KNsEaRgA3xFh9myQhxI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9aFOFjXyp5fO2yGDbmAc8SgvmIuD4o_8YXvCRfBrrsRc= Wnn6gPdSZxHnwDSD66SCcJaPG3_6KNsEaRgA3xFhRlT2zME$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9aFOFjXyp5fO2yGDbmAc8SgvmIuD4o_8YXvCRfBrrsRc= Wnn6gPdSZxHnwDSD66SCcJaPG3_6KNsEaRgA3xFhunykWzE$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 7 00:17:55 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 070017
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    717 PM EST Sat Dec 6 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Bann


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Orrison


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The 06Z/12Z model guidance suggests a slightly more suppressed
    axis of greater IVT magnitudes impacting the Pacific Northwest on
    the front end of the upcoming atmospheric event for the region. The NAM/GFS/ECMWF solutions though still support very strong warm air
    advection with enhanced IVT magnitudes reaching 800 to 1000+ kg/m/s
    across the western WA and northwest OR coastal ranges with the
    first wave that arrives in the 12Z/08 to 00Z/09 time frame. As
    strong surface low pressure and associated shortwave/jet energy
    crashes into British Columbia, the southern flank of the attendant
    cold front will slow as it is crosses WA state and this should
    allow for a relatively longer persistence of greater IVT values
    across southern WA and northern OR going into the 00Z to 12Z/09
    time period.

    The deeper layer moisture fetch will have a trans-Pacific origin
    that extends down to just west of Hawaii, and satellite data would
    suggest a likelihood for tropical and subtropical moisture feeds
    into this atmospheric river event which will drive very efficient
    and high rainfall rates that may reach well into the 0.50" to
    1"/hour range near the periods of max IVT and deeper layer ascent. The
    coastal ranges in particular across southwest WA and northwest OR
    along with the west-facing slopes of the Cascades farther inland
    should see enhanced rainfall totals that reach as high as 4 to 6+
    inches which will heavily aided by deep layer orthogonal flow
    relative to the terrain.

    Given the subtle southward shift in the axis of greater IVT
    magnitudes and overall higher rainfall rates/totals for the
    northern parts of the Olympic Peninsula and the northern WA
    Cascades, the Slight Risk for this area was trimmed just a tad,
    with very little to no change elsewhere. This is consistent with
    the overall 06Z/12Z guidance QPF footprint. Regardless, the wet
    antecedent conditions and heavy rainfall totals are expected to
    drive concerns for locally enhanced areal and riverine flooding,
    with urban flooding also likely to become a concern. A threat for
    landslides will exist, especially toward the end of the period and
    thereafter as additional upstream atmospheric river
    activity/moisture transport arrives with more heavy rainfall.

    Orrison


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DIcwer1Y2soXXxJddbbu_flcMRaSTkMzv8JHoK5W_bW= h5EXiOh6Zc8qgrNNR9yForPr-w8BOcahCqFrvfrvDBOlAmc$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DIcwer1Y2soXXxJddbbu_flcMRaSTkMzv8JHoK5W_bW= h5EXiOh6Zc8qgrNNR9yForPr-w8BOcahCqFrvfrvBDO0QMc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8DIcwer1Y2soXXxJddbbu_flcMRaSTkMzv8JHoK5W_bW= h5EXiOh6Zc8qgrNNR9yForPr-w8BOcahCqFrvfrvujmBBU4$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 7 07:22:14 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 070722
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    222 AM EST Sun Dec 7 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The first in a series of lows is expected to slam into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. While the low centers will track
    well north of the area, the trailing cold fronts will be steered
    right into the coast and will be the primary forcing for heavy
    rain. The deep Pacific and tropical moisture will originate well
    west of Hawaii, then track ENE to NE along the northwestern
    periphery of a strong, stationary subtropical high parked off the
    central California coast. This will act as the "train track"
    directing moisture and any front associated with lows well to the
    north into the same stretch of coast (Washington and Oregon) for
    the next several days. The air mass will feature PWATs of up to
    1.25 inches, which is above the 95th percentile of atmospheric
    moisture for this part of the world in December. This is also 3
    sigma above normal. In other words, there will be plentiful
    moisture for the coastal mountains and the fronts to wring out into
    the foothills and adjacent valleys in the form of rainfall. For
    just this Day 2 period, expect a widespread 3-5 inches of rain in
    the Slight Risk area, with the highest amounts into the highest
    terrain. For portions of the northern Washington Cascades, where
    most of the precipitation falls as snow, it will be measured in
    feet. Note all of these statistics are for just this Day 2 period.
    Expect several more rounds, albeit slightly weaker than this one,
    to impact these same areas over the coming days.

    Contrasting the heightened flooding threat will be that the area is
    highly resistant to flooding, at least flash flooding, as the area topographically is quite efficient at moving rainfall to the local
    rivers and the ocean. Thus, the highest flooding threat is in the
    urban areas such as Portland, Olympia and the eastern suburbs of
    Seattle. Elsewhere flood-sensitive low lying areas will also be at
    greater risk for localized flash flooding. Meanwhile, the rivers
    may take a couple days of heavy rainfall to really respond and
    potentially threaten bankside communities.

    The Slight Risk area was largely unchanged with this update. It
    should be noted there was a small northward shift in the latest 00Z
    guidance, but so as to not flip-flop the forecast along the
    Canadian border and the Juan de Fuca Strait, the Marginal Risk
    there was left unchanged so as to allow for another cycle of model
    guidance to determine whether the flood risk should be returned to
    the Slight category in these areas. For the vast majority of the
    area however, the flooding risk remains steady, with no major
    changes to the overall rainfall forecast, just where some of the
    heavier rainfall amounts may occur.=20

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The atmospheric river (A.R.) directing a plume of Pacific moisture
    into the coast will shift a bit southward through much of the day
    and the first part of Tuesday night. This will focus the heaviest
    rainfall into Oregon, with a brief break from the steadiest heavy
    rain across northern portions of Washington. While this will allow
    for a break in the heaviest rainfall for northern Washington, it
    will keep the flooding threat elevated for much of western Oregon,
    including portions of southwestern Oregon, which will be largely
    missed by Monday's rainfall. Rainfall amounts come down a touch
    compared to Monday, with a broad 2-4 inches of new rain expected
    into the Oregon coastal ranges as well as the Oregon and far
    southern Washington Cascades. Given the rain that is likely to have
    impacted this area on Monday, by Tuesday the slightly lesser amount
    of new rain will be well offset by the higher stream, creek, and
    river levels from the coast to the Western Cascades. Thus, the
    inherited Slight Risk for this area remains on track. Due to the
    aforementioned southward shift in location, the Slight was expanded
    south further into west-central Oregon. However, the risk areas
    were unchanged into Washington as the 1-3 inches of rain expected
    there should still cause isolated to widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding since it closely follows Monday's heavy rains over
    much of the western half of the state. 50 kt orthogonal flow of
    PWATs at or even a bit above 1.25 inches will still be nearly ideal
    for producing upslope heavy rain on the west facing slopes of the
    Oregon coastal ranges and Cascades, which will continue to support
    the heavy rain threat.

    The large subtropical high centered well off the California coast
    will continue to be the steering mechanism for the atmospheric
    river. This high will be nudged south to allow for the heavy rain
    to primary impact Oregon on Tuesday, but this shift will be short-
    lived as the high begins to advance back to the north as soon as
    Tuesday night, which will gradually shift the atmospheric river
    back into Washington.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!66hhaSAg4hpKT6hqegJh0fkuN0289Hw7pfbdqjnJDxbB= 6hNylU5cDOqOalDZn4GyJNBNve8-KT_zhLZ6-axtoWBB34o$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!66hhaSAg4hpKT6hqegJh0fkuN0289Hw7pfbdqjnJDxbB= 6hNylU5cDOqOalDZn4GyJNBNve8-KT_zhLZ6-axto5Qucjc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!66hhaSAg4hpKT6hqegJh0fkuN0289Hw7pfbdqjnJDxbB= 6hNylU5cDOqOalDZn4GyJNBNve8-KT_zhLZ6-axtgbDy7tw$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 7 14:50:16 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 071450
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    950 AM EST Sun Dec 7 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The first in a series of lows is expected to slam into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. While the low centers will track
    well north of the area, the trailing cold fronts will be steered
    right into the coast and will be the primary forcing for heavy
    rain. The deep Pacific and tropical moisture will originate well
    west of Hawaii, then track ENE to NE along the northwestern
    periphery of a strong, stationary subtropical high parked off the
    central California coast. This will act as the "train track"
    directing moisture and any front associated with lows well to the
    north into the same stretch of coast (Washington and Oregon) for
    the next several days. The air mass will feature PWATs of up to
    1.25 inches, which is above the 95th percentile of atmospheric
    moisture for this part of the world in December. This is also 3
    sigma above normal. In other words, there will be plentiful
    moisture for the coastal mountains and the fronts to wring out into
    the foothills and adjacent valleys in the form of rainfall. For
    just this Day 2 period, expect a widespread 3-5 inches of rain in
    the Slight Risk area, with the highest amounts into the highest
    terrain. For portions of the northern Washington Cascades, where
    most of the precipitation falls as snow, it will be measured in
    feet. Note all of these statistics are for just this Day 2 period.
    Expect several more rounds, albeit slightly weaker than this one,
    to impact these same areas over the coming days.

    Contrasting the heightened flooding threat will be that the area is
    highly resistant to flooding, at least flash flooding, as the area topographically is quite efficient at moving rainfall to the local
    rivers and the ocean. Thus, the highest flooding threat is in the
    urban areas such as Portland, Olympia and the eastern suburbs of
    Seattle. Elsewhere flood-sensitive low lying areas will also be at
    greater risk for localized flash flooding. Meanwhile, the rivers
    may take a couple days of heavy rainfall to really respond and
    potentially threaten bankside communities.

    The Slight Risk area was largely unchanged with this update. It
    should be noted there was a small northward shift in the latest 00Z
    guidance, but so as to not flip-flop the forecast along the
    Canadian border and the Juan de Fuca Strait, the Marginal Risk
    there was left unchanged so as to allow for another cycle of model
    guidance to determine whether the flood risk should be returned to
    the Slight category in these areas. For the vast majority of the
    area however, the flooding risk remains steady, with no major
    changes to the overall rainfall forecast, just where some of the
    heavier rainfall amounts may occur.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    The atmospheric river (A.R.) directing a plume of Pacific moisture
    into the coast will shift a bit southward through much of the day
    and the first part of Tuesday night. This will focus the heaviest
    rainfall into Oregon, with a brief break from the steadiest heavy
    rain across northern portions of Washington. While this will allow
    for a break in the heaviest rainfall for northern Washington, it
    will keep the flooding threat elevated for much of western Oregon,
    including portions of southwestern Oregon, which will be largely
    missed by Monday's rainfall. Rainfall amounts come down a touch
    compared to Monday, with a broad 2-4 inches of new rain expected
    into the Oregon coastal ranges as well as the Oregon and far
    southern Washington Cascades. Given the rain that is likely to have
    impacted this area on Monday, by Tuesday the slightly lesser amount
    of new rain will be well offset by the higher stream, creek, and
    river levels from the coast to the Western Cascades. Thus, the
    inherited Slight Risk for this area remains on track. Due to the
    aforementioned southward shift in location, the Slight was expanded
    south further into west-central Oregon. However, the risk areas
    were unchanged into Washington as the 1-3 inches of rain expected
    there should still cause isolated to widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding since it closely follows Monday's heavy rains over
    much of the western half of the state. 50 kt orthogonal flow of
    PWATs at or even a bit above 1.25 inches will still be nearly ideal
    for producing upslope heavy rain on the west facing slopes of the
    Oregon coastal ranges and Cascades, which will continue to support
    the heavy rain threat.

    The large subtropical high centered well off the California coast
    will continue to be the steering mechanism for the atmospheric
    river. This high will be nudged south to allow for the heavy rain
    to primary impact Oregon on Tuesday, but this shift will be short-
    lived as the high begins to advance back to the north as soon as
    Tuesday night, which will gradually shift the atmospheric river
    back into Washington.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yiWPvfUbU9_TKXwCz7kDtWLmkTgjXJRvDxR8hY_Pqs7= WdZM04U7Le6i-Z35C90dgW386kcQT9wHq98Vda8uj0TkXKI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yiWPvfUbU9_TKXwCz7kDtWLmkTgjXJRvDxR8hY_Pqs7= WdZM04U7Le6i-Z35C90dgW386kcQT9wHq98Vda8uLlz5hiM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5yiWPvfUbU9_TKXwCz7kDtWLmkTgjXJRvDxR8hY_Pqs7= WdZM04U7Le6i-Z35C90dgW386kcQT9wHq98Vda8ulNA96d4$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 7 20:10:02 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 072009
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    309 PM EST Sun Dec 7 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Dec 07 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
    than 5 percent.

    Cook/Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast across the Pacific Northwest is on track, with
    3-6 inches of rainfall expected - greatest along windward/terrain-
    favored areas of the Cascades and Olympics. The previous forecast
    discussion covers the impending event well.

    In addition to headlines/probabilities across western WA/OR, a
    second Marginal Risk area has been added to portions of
    northeastern Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, and far eastern
    Washington State. Mid-level flow in these areas will increase to
    around 70-90 knots during the forecast period, resulting in strong
    orographic ascent against windward terrain and peaks, resulting in
    many areas of 1-2 inches of rainfall. In addition, snow levels will
    rise, potentially resulting in rain-enhanced snow melt in some
    areas. Excessive runoff is expected in a few areas.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    The first in a series of lows is expected to slam into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. While the low centers will track
    well north of the area, the trailing cold fronts will be steered
    right into the coast and will be the primary forcing for heavy
    rain. The deep Pacific and tropical moisture will originate well
    west of Hawaii, then track ENE to NE along the northwestern
    periphery of a strong, stationary subtropical high parked off the
    central California coast. This will act as the "train track"
    directing moisture and any front associated with lows well to the
    north into the same stretch of coast (Washington and Oregon) for
    the next several days. The air mass will feature PWATs of up to
    1.25 inches, which is above the 95th percentile of atmospheric
    moisture for this part of the world in December. This is also 3
    sigma above normal. In other words, there will be plentiful
    moisture for the coastal mountains and the fronts to wring out into
    the foothills and adjacent valleys in the form of rainfall. For
    just this Day 2 period, expect a widespread 3-5 inches of rain in
    the Slight Risk area, with the highest amounts into the highest
    terrain. For portions of the northern Washington Cascades, where
    most of the precipitation falls as snow, it will be measured in
    feet. Note all of these statistics are for just this Day 2 period.
    Expect several more rounds, albeit slightly weaker than this one,
    to impact these same areas over the coming days.

    Contrasting the heightened flooding threat will be that the area is
    highly resistant to flooding, at least flash flooding, as the area topographically is quite efficient at moving rainfall to the local
    rivers and the ocean. Thus, the highest flooding threat is in the
    urban areas such as Portland, Olympia and the eastern suburbs of
    Seattle. Elsewhere flood-sensitive low lying areas will also be at
    greater risk for localized flash flooding. Meanwhile, the rivers
    may take a couple days of heavy rainfall to really respond and
    potentially threaten bankside communities.

    The Slight Risk area was largely unchanged with this update. It
    should be noted there was a small northward shift in the latest 00Z
    guidance, but so as to not flip-flop the forecast along the
    Canadian border and the Juan de Fuca Strait, the Marginal Risk
    there was left unchanged so as to allow for another cycle of model
    guidance to determine whether the flood risk should be returned to
    the Slight category in these areas. For the vast majority of the
    area however, the flooding risk remains steady, with no major
    changes to the overall rainfall forecast, just where some of the
    heavier rainfall amounts may occur.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...

    Only minimal changes are in place from the ongoing forecast
    philosophy (see below). The Slight Risk area for western WA/OR is
    still in place with no changes. 2-4 inch rainfall totals (with=20
    locally higher amounts) are still expected into the Oregon coastal=20
    ranges and far southern Washington Cascades. Slightly lower=20
    rainfall totals are now depicted in most guidance across=20
    southwestern Oregon and far northwestern California. The Marginal=20
    Risk in place across parts of that area has been adjusted northward
    as a result. Some consideration was given to a northward expansion
    of Slight into the Olympics, but model spread/confidence was too
    low for an adjustment for this forecast cycle.

    An additional 1-2 inches of rainfall is expected across portions of northeastern Oregon and much of Idaho through the early Wednesday.
    Strong mid-level flow will create orographic ascent across those=20
    areas - especially across windward portions of higher terrain. This
    rainfall - along with local snowmelt at higher peaks - should=20
    result in a few areas of excessive rainfall potential. A Marginal=20
    Risk area has been added to account for this potential.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    The atmospheric river (A.R.) directing a plume of Pacific moisture
    into the coast will shift a bit southward through much of the day
    and the first part of Tuesday night. This will focus the heaviest
    rainfall into Oregon, with a brief break from the steadiest heavy
    rain across northern portions of Washington. While this will allow
    for a break in the heaviest rainfall for northern Washington, it
    will keep the flooding threat elevated for much of western Oregon,
    including portions of southwestern Oregon, which will be largely
    missed by Monday's rainfall. Rainfall amounts come down a touch
    compared to Monday, with a broad 2-4 inches of new rain expected
    into the Oregon coastal ranges as well as the Oregon and far
    southern Washington Cascades. Given the rain that is likely to have
    impacted this area on Monday, by Tuesday the slightly lesser amount
    of new rain will be well offset by the higher stream, creek, and
    river levels from the coast to the Western Cascades. Thus, the
    inherited Slight Risk for this area remains on track. Due to the
    aforementioned southward shift in location, the Slight was expanded
    south further into west-central Oregon. However, the risk areas
    were unchanged into Washington as the 1-3 inches of rain expected
    there should still cause isolated to widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding since it closely follows Monday's heavy rains over
    much of the western half of the state. 50 kt orthogonal flow of
    PWATs at or even a bit above 1.25 inches will still be nearly ideal
    for producing upslope heavy rain on the west facing slopes of the
    Oregon coastal ranges and Cascades, which will continue to support
    the heavy rain threat.

    The large subtropical high centered well off the California coast
    will continue to be the steering mechanism for the atmospheric
    river. This high will be nudged south to allow for the heavy rain
    to primary impact Oregon on Tuesday, but this shift will be short-
    lived as the high begins to advance back to the north as soon as
    Tuesday night, which will gradually shift the atmospheric river
    back into Washington.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!439YMNSeHWHurhLn7bYAdXu_6dIS4UaBavvs4-qFg1b5= 2eIEOAXeg6vTojmJZxQm0dvlYv7xFFJ2NtPHAg0RMaQKpPw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!439YMNSeHWHurhLn7bYAdXu_6dIS4UaBavvs4-qFg1b5= 2eIEOAXeg6vTojmJZxQm0dvlYv7xFFJ2NtPHAg0RR_W4ZBY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!439YMNSeHWHurhLn7bYAdXu_6dIS4UaBavvs4-qFg1b5= 2eIEOAXeg6vTojmJZxQm0dvlYv7xFFJ2NtPHAg0RgKtU0LI$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 7 23:42:41 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 072342
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    642 PM EST Sun Dec 7 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL FLORIDA PENINSULA THIS EVENING...

    There is a Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall over portions of the
    central Florida peninsula as a cluster of intensifying
    thunderstorms over the eastern Gulf continues to move inland. The
    storms appear to be associated with a mid-level vorticity maximum
    and apparent surface low that has resulted in a region of pressure
    falls that has made its way inland along a line from north of Tampa
    to just south of Cape Canaveral. This appears to have helped
    overcome modest lapse rates for storms to produce some rainfall=20
    rates of 1.0 inch to 1.5 inch per hour rate and isolated maximum=20
    rainfall totals approaching 3 inches Pinellas and far southern
    Pasco counties. Given the upper level support...suspect the
    thunderstorms will continue to produce moderate to heavy rainfall
    as they progress farther inland during the evening before rates
    taper off later. These rainfall rates and accumulation may result=20
    in flooding...especially in an urban areas...regions of poor=20
    drainage and along smaller streams.

    Bann

    Day 2=20
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...
    The ongoing forecast across the Pacific Northwest is on track, with
    3-6 inches of rainfall expected - greatest along windward/terrain-
    favored areas of the Cascades and Olympics. The previous forecast
    discussion covers the impending event well.

    In addition to headlines/probabilities across western WA/OR, a
    second Marginal Risk area has been added to portions of
    northeastern Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, and far eastern
    Washington State. Mid-level flow in these areas will increase to
    around 70-90 knots during the forecast period, resulting in strong
    orographic ascent against windward terrain and peaks, resulting in
    many areas of 1-2 inches of rainfall. In addition, snow levels will
    rise, potentially resulting in rain-enhanced snow melt in some
    areas. Excessive runoff is expected in a few areas.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    The first in a series of lows is expected to slam into the coast of
    the Pacific Northwest on Monday. While the low centers will track
    well north of the area, the trailing cold fronts will be steered
    right into the coast and will be the primary forcing for heavy
    rain. The deep Pacific and tropical moisture will originate well
    west of Hawaii, then track ENE to NE along the northwestern
    periphery of a strong, stationary subtropical high parked off the
    central California coast. This will act as the "train track"
    directing moisture and any front associated with lows well to the
    north into the same stretch of coast (Washington and Oregon) for
    the next several days. The air mass will feature PWATs of up to
    1.25 inches, which is above the 95th percentile of atmospheric
    moisture for this part of the world in December. This is also 3
    sigma above normal. In other words, there will be plentiful
    moisture for the coastal mountains and the fronts to wring out into
    the foothills and adjacent valleys in the form of rainfall. For
    just this Day 2 period, expect a widespread 3-5 inches of rain in
    the Slight Risk area, with the highest amounts into the highest
    terrain. For portions of the northern Washington Cascades, where
    most of the precipitation falls as snow, it will be measured in
    feet. Note all of these statistics are for just this Day 2 period.
    Expect several more rounds, albeit slightly weaker than this one,
    to impact these same areas over the coming days.

    Contrasting the heightened flooding threat will be that the area is
    highly resistant to flooding, at least flash flooding, as the area topographically is quite efficient at moving rainfall to the local
    rivers and the ocean. Thus, the highest flooding threat is in the
    urban areas such as Portland, Olympia and the eastern suburbs of
    Seattle. Elsewhere flood-sensitive low lying areas will also be at
    greater risk for localized flash flooding. Meanwhile, the rivers
    may take a couple days of heavy rainfall to really respond and
    potentially threaten bankside communities.

    The Slight Risk area was largely unchanged with this update. It
    should be noted there was a small northward shift in the latest 00Z
    guidance, but so as to not flip-flop the forecast along the
    Canadian border and the Juan de Fuca Strait, the Marginal Risk
    there was left unchanged so as to allow for another cycle of model
    guidance to determine whether the flood risk should be returned to
    the Slight category in these areas. For the vast majority of the
    area however, the flooding risk remains steady, with no major
    changes to the overall rainfall forecast, just where some of the
    heavier rainfall amounts may occur.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...21Z Outlook Update...

    Only minimal changes are in place from the ongoing forecast
    philosophy (see below). The Slight Risk area for western WA/OR is
    still in place with no changes. 2-4 inch rainfall totals (with
    locally higher amounts) are still expected into the Oregon coastal
    ranges and far southern Washington Cascades. Slightly lower
    rainfall totals are now depicted in most guidance across
    southwestern Oregon and far northwestern California. The Marginal
    Risk in place across parts of that area has been adjusted northward
    as a result. Some consideration was given to a northward expansion
    of Slight into the Olympics, but model spread/confidence was too
    low for an adjustment for this forecast cycle.

    An additional 1-2 inches of rainfall is expected across portions of northeastern Oregon and much of Idaho through the early Wednesday.
    Strong mid-level flow will create orographic ascent across those
    areas - especially across windward portions of higher terrain. This
    rainfall - along with local snowmelt at higher peaks - should
    result in a few areas of excessive rainfall potential. A Marginal
    Risk area has been added to account for this potential.

    Cook

    ...Previous Discussion...

    The atmospheric river (A.R.) directing a plume of Pacific moisture
    into the coast will shift a bit southward through much of the day
    and the first part of Tuesday night. This will focus the heaviest
    rainfall into Oregon, with a brief break from the steadiest heavy
    rain across northern portions of Washington. While this will allow
    for a break in the heaviest rainfall for northern Washington, it
    will keep the flooding threat elevated for much of western Oregon,
    including portions of southwestern Oregon, which will be largely
    missed by Monday's rainfall. Rainfall amounts come down a touch
    compared to Monday, with a broad 2-4 inches of new rain expected
    into the Oregon coastal ranges as well as the Oregon and far
    southern Washington Cascades. Given the rain that is likely to have
    impacted this area on Monday, by Tuesday the slightly lesser amount
    of new rain will be well offset by the higher stream, creek, and
    river levels from the coast to the Western Cascades. Thus, the
    inherited Slight Risk for this area remains on track. Due to the
    aforementioned southward shift in location, the Slight was expanded
    south further into west-central Oregon. However, the risk areas
    were unchanged into Washington as the 1-3 inches of rain expected
    there should still cause isolated to widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding since it closely follows Monday's heavy rains over
    much of the western half of the state. 50 kt orthogonal flow of
    PWATs at or even a bit above 1.25 inches will still be nearly ideal
    for producing upslope heavy rain on the west facing slopes of the
    Oregon coastal ranges and Cascades, which will continue to support
    the heavy rain threat.

    The large subtropical high centered well off the California coast
    will continue to be the steering mechanism for the atmospheric
    river. This high will be nudged south to allow for the heavy rain
    to primary impact Oregon on Tuesday, but this shift will be short-
    lived as the high begins to advance back to the north as soon as
    Tuesday night, which will gradually shift the atmospheric river
    back into Washington.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Shjes5b9FgpBB2nyAL-Xu11Hshkw2lCUaaXpM3zhDRo= -6lMSBJRY7zi52VVb9o4Fo8n0nahNgcQ83PVbBC-MoZj3lA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Shjes5b9FgpBB2nyAL-Xu11Hshkw2lCUaaXpM3zhDRo= -6lMSBJRY7zi52VVb9o4Fo8n0nahNgcQ83PVbBC-mMby9-w$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Shjes5b9FgpBB2nyAL-Xu11Hshkw2lCUaaXpM3zhDRo= -6lMSBJRY7zi52VVb9o4Fo8n0nahNgcQ83PVbBC-8gaJhCM$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 8 08:15:34 2025
    FOUS30 KWBC 080815
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    315 AM EST Mon Dec 8 2025

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Dec 08 2025 - 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...Western Washington and Oregon...

    The inherited Slight Risk across Western Washington and Oregon
    remains little changed this morning. A hauling 150+ kt upper level
    jet will bring a vigorous shortwave trough into British Columbia
    north of the Canadian border Monday afternoon and evening. The
    trailing front associated with the surface low that is being
    strengthened by that shortwave will plow into the coast Monday
    afternoon. Behind that disturbance, mid-level 850 mb flow will
    rapidly increase out of the due west at at least 50 kt, while PWATs
    also rapidly increase from 0.75 inches to 1.25 inches as the head
    of the incoming atmospheric river (A.R.) makes its way ashore. On
    the synoptic scale, the overall rainfall footprint will be greatest
    today as compared with the expected rainfall over the next few
    days. This in turn will set the stage for multiple days of flooding
    concerns as the rain continues through much of the upcoming
    workweek. For 24 hour rainfall totals, expect a widespread 4-6
    inches of rain for this period for much of the upslope areas of the Olympics/Coastal Ranges/Cascades. The typical downslope areas in
    due westerly flow, which includes metro Seattle and Portland,
    should be spared the heaviest rainfall, with totals in the 1-2 inch
    range in those metros likely to be more common. Soils in these
    areas are already near saturation, which represents an average
    amount of soil moisture going into today's big rainfall event, so
    at least the second half of the rainfall should largely convert to
    runoff, leading to significant rises in streams, creeks, and
    eventually the rivers that drain the Willamette and Puget Sound
    areas.=20

    The abundance of Pacific moisture that will be moving into the
    Pacific Northwest with the atmospheric river is originating from
    the tropics well west of Hawaii. This plume of moisture is moving=20
    over multiple thousands of miles of Pacific Ocean before it reaches
    the coast, which is further enhancing the amount of moisture=20
    available to fall as rain once that moisture plume runs into the
    wall of mountains that is the coastal ranges and the Cascades.
    Strong subtropical high pressure centered off the California coast
    is directing the moisture plume's south side around its
    northwestern periphery, while strong Pacific lows are drawing the
    moisture northeastward on the plumes north side. This is acting to
    focus locally enhance the rainfall within the moisture
    plume/atmospheric river, which is why the heavy rain is
    concentrated into western Washington and Oregon.

    Expect that there will be a bit more "slop-over" of rainfall onto
    the immediate downwind side of the Cascades and Olympics, so a few
    minor expansions of the Marginal were made to include some of the
    east-facing slopes of the Cascades, and a Slight Risk area
    expansion was made on the east side of the Olympics.=20

    ...Northern Idaho and Adjacent Areas...

    The inherited Marginal Risk was adjusted slightly to account for
    small changes in the expected rainfall across interior areas of the
    Pacific Northwest. The Marginal was trimmed from the Glacier N.P.
    area due to most of the precipitation expected to fall as snow, but
    expanded into far southeastern Washington and far northeastern
    Oregon, where upslope potential will be increased in the terrain of
    those areas. The A.R. will feature warm conditions, which will
    raise snow levels to several thousand feet above ground level,
    assuring that except in the highest elevations, the precipitation
    type will be all rain, especially west of the Continental Divide.
    While today should also bring the most rain to the area compared to
    the upcoming several days, all of the soils in this area are nearly
    saturated. In fact, recent colder weather and lower snow levels may
    locally enhance the flash flooding threat once the heavier rain and
    warmer temperatures move in as snowmelt becomes a contributing
    factor to rising stream and river levels.=20

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Dec 09 2025 - 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...Western Washington and Oregon...

    The atmospheric river (A.R.) plume on Tuesday morning will be=20
    aimed at the northwestern quadrant of Oregon, after the plume=20
    shifts south down the coast Monday night. The A.R. will remain
    across northwestern Oregon for much of the day Tuesday. Expect an
    additional 3-5 inches of rain across the west facing slopes of both
    the coastal ranges and the Oregon and far southern Washington
    Cascades during the day Tuesday. This will have followed the
    roughly 3-5 inches of rain expected Monday night. Thus, expect high
    creek, stream, and river levels by Tuesday night after all that
    rainfall, as well as low-lying and urban flooding impacts. The
    Slight Risk area remains largely unchanged.=20

    By Tuesday night, a much weaker low than Monday's will track
    northeast into British Columbia. This low will draw the A.R. back
    towards the north before its trailing cold front plows into the
    coast. This will reignite the heavy rainfall across much of western
    Washington State, while rain rates trail off across west-central
    Oregon. Unfortunately the heavy rain will continue into the coastal
    ranges and far northern Oregon Cascades through the period. Expect
    another 1-3 inches of rain along the Columbia River Tuesday night.
    Rain rates will be notably lower than on Monday due to the weaker
    low and a slightly weaker onshore flow at 850 (40-50 kts). Due to
    the return of steady rain across the Olympics and central Cascades
    Tuesday night, the inherited Slight Risk area was expanded north to
    include portions of those ranges and their foothills. Meanwhile,
    the highest peaks of the Cascades should still remain cold enough
    for mostly snow.=20

    ...Northern Idaho and Adjacent Areas...

    Weakening, but continuous 20-40 kt westerly flow at 850 across the
    plains of eastern Washington will allow for locally heavy upslope
    rain to continue into much of northern Idaho and northeastern
    Oregon. The inherited Marginal is little changed, and mostly
    reflects carving out the highest peaks expected to remain all or
    mostly snow, while expanding into low lying areas where forecast
    rainfall has increased. Regardless, snow levels will remain plenty
    high enough to ensure all populated lower lying areas remain all
    rain, and thus continue to pose a flooding threat.=20

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Dec 10 2025 - 12Z Thu Dec 11 2025

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...Western Washington and Oregon...

    The Slight Risk across portions of the Pacific Northwest remains
    largely unchanged with this update. A northwest to southeast
    oriented jet stream will remain in place from southern British
    Columbia through to the northern Plains. This will put the Pacific
    Northwest in the favorable right entrance region of the jet. A
    series of upper level shortwaves will zip down the jet, which in
    turn will keep the atmospheric river (A.R.) plume in place and
    barely moving through the entire period. Due to the flow
    orientation changing to out of the west-northwest. The moisture
    will flow largely unimpeded through the Strait of Juan de Fuca and
    past the coastal/Olympic ranges and into the Cascades. Thus, the
    rainfall footprint is much more heavily skewed towards the Cascades
    getting much heavier rainfall than the windward side of the coastal
    ranges. That said, it will hardly be dry along the coast. Expect an
    additional 3-5 inches of rain in the foothills of all of the
    Washington Cascades through the period, while the coastal ranges
    can expect just 1-3 inches of new rainfall. Given this setup, it
    appears the most likely day where a future upgrade may be needed to
    the ERO risk areas will be on Wednesday. This of course will be in
    no small part due to the antecedent rainfall in nearly all areas
    from both Monday and Tuesday, compounding high water concerns day
    by day.=20

    ...Northern Idaho and Adjacent Areas...

    A secondary peak of heavy precipitation into northern Idaho is
    expected on Wednesday. The same A.R. impacting areas further west
    will continue into the interior of the Pacific Northwest on
    Wednesday as well. Renewed upslope flow into the west facing slopes
    of the Rockies will re-enhance precipitation rates, as well as
    raise snow levels after having crashed due to a brief cold air
    intrusion on Tuesday. Thus, expect another round of snowmelt to go
    along with the heavier rainfall rates. Just as further west, here
    too the forecast will need to be monitored for a potential Slight
    Risk upgrade with future updates. A large contributing factor to
    the need for upgrades in both areas will be seeing what impacts
    there are from the heavy rainfall expected especially today, but
    possibly also again on Tuesday.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Hh95HCgjHgME5fYZqAQTC9cjVetXAub5kZzp6IkeDpq= MMjWQr6F0GjkNWb5Ju-Jww0OoMGc79ExgdCCKsYKxVpgomY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Hh95HCgjHgME5fYZqAQTC9cjVetXAub5kZzp6IkeDpq= MMjWQr6F0GjkNWb5Ju-Jww0OoMGc79ExgdCCKsYKvXxlJfk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Hh95HCgjHgME5fYZqAQTC9cjVetXAub5kZzp6IkeDpq= MMjWQr6F0GjkNWb5Ju-Jww0OoMGc79ExgdCCKsYKT9_4zVw$=20

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